reading ch 4 2/3/24 Flashcards
carbs recommended %
45-65% daily calorie intake
carbs cal/g
4kcal/g
glycogen
glucose storage in liver and muscles
how many hours till glycogen turns to fat stores?
18 hrs
photosynthesis
co2+ h2o to glucose
monosaccharides
simple sugars that cannot be further broken down during digestion, C6H12O6
Disaccharides
sugars formed by bonding two monosaccharides
sucrose
glucose + fructose (honey, etc)
lactose
glucose + galactose (milk)
maltose
2 glucose (beer)
fermentation
carbs to alcohol w/out oxygen
amylose
digestible straight chain type of starch (20%)
amylopectin
digestible braided chain type of starch (80%)
cellulose
an indigestible polysaccharide found on plant cell walls
insoluble fiber exs
wheat bran, nuts, fruits skins, veggies
soluble fiber exp
protein gums, mucilages
functional fiber
ingestible fibers that have beneficial psychological effects on humans
americans consume __ whole grains out of total grains
16%
veggies are carbs low in fat and cals and have
potassium, folate, vitamins a, vitamin c
5 types of veggies
dark green, starchy, red or orange, beans peas lentils, others
how many Americans do not meet veggie dri
90%
ADI
100% lower than harmful effects
glucagon
released by pancreas when glucose is down
insulin
released by pancreas when glucose is up
GI
measure of how carb in a food raises blood glucose
type 1 diabetes %
5-10%
upper body obesity
stomach, type 2 diabetes
metabolic syndrome
poor blood glucose regulation, presence of several risk factors for cardiovascular disease
