ch #13 substance use lecture

Question 1

The average teenager is exposed to ________?

Answer 1

85 drug references a day in popular music

Question 2

Describe the relation of substance use in the media

Answer 2

-teenagers between 12-17 that spend time on social media websites everyday are 5x more likely to use tobacco, 3x more likely to use alcohol and 2x more likely to use marijuana.

-50% of teens saw pictures of a preteen (13 or younger) using substances

-90% of teens saw another teen (15 or younger) using substances

-exposure to these pictures is associated with: 2-4 times greater chance of alcohol, marjiuana and prescription drug use

Question 3

describe the difference between adolescents and adults with substance use disorders?

Answer 3

-withdrawal symptoms normally appear after long term consumption; therefore adolescents are less likely to experience such intense symptoms despite struggling with substance use.

-pattern of use differs, adolescents tend to consume more drugs–for example alcohol, within one sitting, but less frequently, mostly because of restricted access to substance use for adolescents.

-adolescents are strongly influenced by peers
-adolescents are strongly influenced by their desire for autonomy
-adolescents are strongly influenced by parental supervision

Question 4

What is the prevalence of substance use and abuse?

Answer 4

-while substance use is quite common in adolescents, the prevalence is around 6%
-age of onset is the most important risk factor

Question 5

name some risk factors for substance use/abuse?

Answer 5

-rebelliousness
-impulsivity
-problems with emotion regulation
-history of physical abuse
-conduct problems, MDD, social phobia
-other behavioural addiction or e-cigs
-pain
-perceiving drugs as harmless
-high-percieved availability of drugs in their neighbourhood
-screen time, internet use, video games and tv/movies
-smoking tobacco
-drinking during pregnancy
-high maternal psychological control
-low parental education
-negligence
-lack of supervision
-uncontrolled pocket money
-substance use within the family
-peer abuse and peer pressure
-availability and engagement in unstructured activities

Question 6

name some protective factors for substance use disorders/abuse?

Answer 6

-optimism
-mindfulness
-negative attitudes towards drug use and desire to maintain health
-paternal knowledge
-paternal advice
-religious beliefs
-school connectedness
-adult support

Question 7

are treatment options effective?

Answer 7

-50% of adolescents treated for SUD relapse within three months
-20-30% remain abstinent after 1 year

Question 8

Family based approaches seek to:

Answer 8

-modify negative interactions between family members
-improve communication
-develop effective problem-solving skills to address areas of conflict
-increase parental monitoring and support with behavioural management
-can be more effective in combination with CBT, contingence management (reward for positive behaviour) and other treatment

Question 8

motivational interviewing (MI) and motivational enhancement therapy (MET)

Answer 8

motivational interviewing: addresses ambivalence and discrepancies between a persons current values and behaviours and their future goals

Motivational enhancement therapy (MET): same princiapters as MI but more structured

Question 9

efforts to prevent abuse targets three factors:

Answer 9

-the supply of drugs (most government attention and money focused here)
-the environment in which teens are exposed to drugs
-characteristics of the potential drug user (hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, sensation seeking)

all three aspects must be targeted to have an effect