ch #12 trauma disorders textbook Flashcards
what are traumatic events
Exposure to actual or threatened harm or fear of death or injury and are considered uncommon or extreme stressors.
They include careless or intentional acts such as physical and sexual abuse, neglect, and exposure to domestic and community violence, as well as unintended medical traumas, accidents, natural disasters, war, terrorism, refugee trauma, and traumatic loss
what are stressful events
Events that are less extreme than traumatic events and stem from single events or multiple or ongoing stressful situations or events.
Stressors may be a single event, such as parental separation or romantic break-ups, or may involve multiple or ongoing stressful situations or events. Some stressful events are developmentally connected—for example, going to school or leaving home for the first time. Even childhood bullying
child maltreatment
The abuse and neglect of children by parents or by others responsible for their welfare. Child maltreatment is a generic term used to refer to the four primary acts of physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse of persons less than 18 years of age.
Determinants of healthy parent–child relationships and family roles derived from these two primary developmental needs include:
Adequate knowledge of child development and expectations, including knowledge of children’s normal sexual development and experimentation
Adequate skill in coping with the stress related to caring for small children, and knowledge of ways to enhance child development through proper stimulation and attention
Opportunities to develop normal parent–child attachment and early patterns of communication
Adequate parental knowledge of home management, including basic financial planning, proper shelter, and meal planning
Opportunities and willingness to share the duties of child care between two parents, when applicable
Provision of necessary social and health services
expectable enviornment
External conditions or surroundings that are considered to be fundamental and necessary for healthy development. The expectable environment for infants includes protective and nurturing adults and opportunities for socialization; for older children it includes a supportive family, contact with peers, and ample opportunities to explore and master the environment.
. Younger children exposed to violence are fearful and often show regressive and somatic signs of distress such as?
sleep problems, bed-wetting, headaches, stomachaches, diarrhea, ulcers, and enuresis
allostatic load
Refers to the progressive “wear and tear” on biological systems caused by chronic stress.
polyvictimization
The experience of victimization across multiple domains of the child’s life.
physical neglect
Failure to provide for a child’s basic physical needs, including refusal of or delay in seeking health care, inadequate provision of food, abandonment, expulsion from the home or refusal to allow a runaway to return home, inadequate supervision, and inadequate provision of clean clothes.
educational neglect
Failure to provide for a child’s basic educational needs, including allowing chronic truancy, failing to enroll a child of mandatory school age in school, and failing to attend to a special educational need.
emotional neglect
Failure to provide for a child’s basic emotional needs, including marked inattention to the child’s needs for affection, refusal of or failure to provide needed psychological care, spousal abuse in the child’s presence, and permission for drug or alcohol use by the child.
