ch #10 mood disorders textbook Flashcards
dysphoria
A negative mood state characterized by prolonged bouts of sadness.
anhedonia
A negative mood state characterized by a lack of enjoyment in anything one does and a loss of interest in nearly all activities.
major depressive disorder
A form of depressive disorder characterized by five or more mood, cognitive (e.g., indecisiveness, inability to think or concentrate), psychomotor (e.g., agitation or retardation), or somatic (e.g., weight loss, sleep disturbances) symptoms that have been present during the same 2-week period; at least one of the symptoms is either depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, or markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day.
persistent depressive disorder
A depressive disorder associated with depressed or irritable mood; generally fewer, less severe, but longer-lasting symptoms (a year or more in children) than seen in major depressive disorder (MDD); and significant impairment in functioning.
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
A DSM-5 depressive disorder characterized by: (1) frequent and severe temper outbursts that are extreme over-reactions to the situation or provocation; and (2) chronic, persistently irritable or angry mood that is present between the severe temper outbursts.
what is the common characteristic in depressive disorders?
presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood, along with somatic and cognitive symptoms that interfere with the individual’s functioning.
double depression
An instance in which a major depressive episode is superimposed on the individual’s previous persistent depressive disorder, causing the individual to present with both disorders.
depressive ruminative style
A style of thinking displayed by depressed individuals; it is characterized by a narrow and passive focus on negative events for long periods of time.
corumination
A negative form of self-disclosure and discussion between peers focused narrowly on problems or emotions to the exclusion of other activities or dialogue.
psychodynamic theory of depression
Actual or symbolic loss of love object (e.g., caregiver) that is loved ambivalently; anger toward love object turned inward; excessive severity of the superego; loss of self-esteem
attachment theories of depression
Insecure early attachments; distorted internal working models of self and others
behavioural theories of depression
Lack or loss of reinforcement or quality of reinforcement; deficits in skills needed to obtain reinforcement
cognitive theories of depression
Depressive mindset; distorted or maladaptive cognitive structures, processes, and products; negative view of self, world, and future; poor problem-solving ability; hopelessness
self control theory of depression
Problems in organizing behavior toward long-term goals; deficits in self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement
interpersonal theory of depression
Impaired interpersonal functioning related to grief over loss; role dispute and conflict; role transition; interpersonal deficit; single parenting; social withdrawal; interaction between mood and interpersonal events
socio-environmental theories of depression
Stressful life circumstances and daily hassles as vulnerability factors; social support, coping, and appraisal as protective factors
neurobiological theories of depression
Neurochemical and receptor abnormalities; neurophysiological abnormalities; neuroendocrine abnormalities; genetic variants; abnormalities in brain structure and function; effects of early experience on the developing brain
depressogenic conditions
The negative perceptual and attributional styles and beliefs associated with depressive symptoms.
hopelessness theory
The view that depression-prone individuals make internal, stable, and global attributions to explain the causes of negative events and external, unstable, and specific attributions about positive events. This attributional style results in the individual taking personal blame for negative events in his or her life and leads to helplessness, avoidance, and hopelessness about the future, which promotes further depression.
negative cognitive triad
Negative views about oneself, the world, and the future that are characteristic of youngsters with depression. These views maintain feelings of helplessness, undermine the child’s mood and energy level, and are related to the severity of depression.
-negative views about oneself
-negative views about the world
-negative views about the future
negative cognitive schemeta
Stable structures in memory, including self-critical beliefs and attitudes, that guide information processing in a way that is consistent with the negative self-image of the subject. These cognitive schemata are rigid and resistant to change even in the face of contradictory evidence.
diathesis–stress model of depression
A theory of depression proposing that the impact of stress is moderated by individual risk factors and that the occurrence of depression depends on the interaction between the subject’s personal vulnerability and life stress.
