Ch 13. Cultural Psychology

Question 1

research that compares cultures with one another

Answer 1

Cross-cultural Psychology

Question 2

seeks to understand individual cultures in their own terms and avoids making comparisons

Answer 2

Cultural Psychology

Question 3

psychological attributes of groups, including customs, habits, beliefs, and values that shape emotions, behaviour, and life patterns

enculturation: the differences between cultures that people learn

acculturation: a person that moves from one country to another, and picks up the culture of their new home

Answer 3

Culture

Question 4

the universal components of ideas across cultures

Answer 4

Etics

Question 5

components of ideas that are particular to certain cultures

Answer 5

Emics

Question 6

1. Tough vs Easy
2. Achievement (industrial growth) vs Affiliation (social connections)
3. Complexity (relationships, politics)
4. Tightness (homogenous) vs Looseness
5. Head vs Heart
6. Individualism vs Collectivism

Answer 6

characteristics of cultures

Question 7

Observations of other cultures will be influenced by the observer’s own cultural background

Answer 7

Ethnocentrism

Question 7

Observations of other cultures will be influenced by the observer’s own cultural background

Answer 7

Ethnocentrism

Question 8

• The exaggeration of cultural differences (the focus of research has been on differences)
• Large sample sizes lead to statistically significant
  results even when differences are small
• Outgroup homogeneity bias

Answer 8

challenges for cross-cultural research

Question 9

all cultural views of reality are valid, so cultures cannot be judged as good or bad

it does not always necessarily work (ex. female genital mutilization, ethnic cleansing, terrorism)

Answer 9

Cultural Relativism

Question 10

• It is difficult to define culture
• Important subgroups exist within large cultures
• People can belong to more than one culture Bicultural identity integration (BII)

Answer 10

Subcultures and multiculturalism

Question 11

Newer emphasis on how people are psychologically similar

• Differences in rules for appropriate behaviour might mask similar motivations
• Culture may influence how people want to feel more than how they actually feel.
• Desire to please one’s parents
• Degree of similarity of persons and situations seems to be higher than originally expected
• Goals or personal goals

Answer 11

The Universal Human Condition