Ch 11. Psychoanalysis After Freud

Question 1

• Less emphasis on and reinterpretation of the libido
• Less emphasis on unconscious mental processes and more on conscious thought (ego psychology)
• Less emphasis on instinctual drives and mental life as the source of psychological difficulties, and more on interpersonal relationships

Answer 1

Common themes in Neo-Freudian thought

Question 2

• Thought Freud focused too much on sex
• More importance on social interest - the desire to relate positively to other people
• Organ inferiority - individuals are motivated to attain equality to overcome early childhood feelings of interiority (perceptions of weakness are more important than reality) - Masculine Protest

Answer 2

Alfred Adler

Question 3

Had a huge emphasis on mystical and spiritual matters, unlike Freud.
Collective Unconscious: memories and ideas that all humans share that reside in the unconscious as basic images
Archetypes: earth mother, hero, devil, supreme being that appear in dreams, fantasies, mythology, and modern literature
Persona: the social mask that one wears in public which is false to some degree.
Anima and Animus: cause of masculine and feminine side in everyone

Answer 3

Carl Jung

Question 4

Introversion versus Extraverts

Answer 4

either being turned psychologically inward or ouward

Question 5

1. rational - recognizing meaning
2. feeling - determining the value of things
3. sensing - establishing what is present
4. intuiting- figuring out where something comes from and where it is going

Answer 5

four basic types of thinking (carl jung)

Question 6

Disagreed with “penis envy” and women’s desire to be male
Basic Anxiety: a fear of being alone and helpless in a hostile world
Neurotic Needs: neurotic needs develop as misguided attempts to cope with underlying anxiety and feelings of inadequacy

Answer 6

Karen Horney

Question 7

many conflicts are conscious and arise at various stages of life

stage 1: basic trust versus mistrust (developing hope + confidence. learning whether needs will be met)

stage 2: autonomy versus shame + doubt (figuring out who is in charge)

stage 3: initiative versus guilt (anticipating life as an adult, developing a sense of right and wrong)

stage 4: industry versus inferiority (develop skills to succeed in the world, must begin to control imagination + unfocused energy)

stag 5: identity versus identity confusion (figuring out who I am and what’s important. choosing consistent, meaningful, and useful values + goals)

stage 6: intimacy versus isolation (find an intimate life partner/close group of friends)

stage 7: generativity versus stagnation (turn concerns to the next generation or becoming passive)

stage 8: integrity versus despair (brought on by the prospect of death)

Answer 7

Erik Erikson

Question 8

We relate to others via the images of them in our minds and the images do not always match reality.

Answer 8

Object Relations Theory

Question 9

Based on work with children: Play Therapy
Allows the symbolic expression of emotions

Answer 9

Melanie Klein

Question 10

• Every relationship has elements of satisfaction and frustration, or pleasure and pain.
• The mix of love and hate
• Distinction between parts of the
  love object and the whole
  person
• The psyche is aware of and
  disturbed by these contradictory feelings.

Answer 10

Four principal themes of Object Relations Theory

Question 11

a psychological defense mechanism in which individuals perceive themselves and others as either entirely good or entirely bad, with little or no capacity to integrate both positive and negative qualities into a cohesive whole

Answer 11

splitting

Question 12

• “good enough parenting” as repairing relationships
• transitional objects: sentimental objects for adults (bridging the gap between private fantasy and reality)
• The false self: the self that people put on to please others

Answer 12

Winnicott

Question 13

• Minimize discrepancies between true and false selves
• Help the rational resources of the mind work through irrational defenses
• Help the client see important people in their life the way they actually are

Answer 13

Purpose of object relations therapy

Question 14

1. Winnicott: transitional objects + false self
2. Horney: Basic Anxiety + Neurotic Needs
3. Adler: Social interest + organ inferiority + style of life

Answer 14

4. Erikson: psychological stages
5. Klein: objects, splitting, neurotic defenses
6. Jung: styles of thinking. collective, unconscious, persona, anima/animus