ch 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

ventricles of brain

A

lateral ventricles connected to third ventricle by interventricular foramen
third ventricle connected to fourth ventricle by cerebral aqueduct

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2
Q

cranial meninges

A
  1. dura mater (tough mother): most external layer, strongest meninx; 2 layers: outer layer periosteal layer, inner layer meningeal layer. these two layers always fused together except in areas where they are separated by dural sinuses
  2. arachnoid mater: epithelial layer of arachnoid membrane and arachnoid trabeculae. separated from dura mater by subdural space. beneathe arachnoid membrain is subarachnoid space
  3. pia mater (delicate mother): composed of delicate connective tissue that adheres directly to surface of brain, anchored by processes of astrocytes
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3
Q

dural sinuses and dural folds

A

superior sagittal sinus: top sagittal
inferior sagittal sinus: inferior to superior sagittal sinus
transverse sinus: runs along transverse fissure
straight sinus: at end of superior sagittal sinus
dural folds:
1. falx cerebelli: separates both hemispheres of cerebellum
2. falx cerebri: separates both hemispheres of cerebrum
3. tentorium cerebelli : separates cerebrum from cerebellum

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4
Q

cerebral spinal fluid (csf)

A

Function: mechanical protection: cushioning delicate neural structures; transports nutrients, chemical messengers and waste products.
Formation of CSF: choroid plexuses: consist of ependymal cells (joined together by tight junctions) + permeable, thin walled capillaries. ependymal cells secrete CSF into ventricles and remove watse products from csf
Circulation of CSF: circulates from choroid plexus through ventricles and fills central canal of spinal cord. through 2 lateral apertures and 1 median aperature in fourth ventricle, csf reaches subarachoid space, through arachnoid granulations, csf reaches the venous circulation at dural sinuses

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5
Q

blood supply to brain

A

blood flow into brain: internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries
blood flow out of brain: dural (venous) sinuses drains into jugular veins

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6
Q

blood-brain barrier vs blood-csf barrier

A

BBB: isolates CNS neural tissue from general circulation; formed by network of tight junctions between endothelial cells; lipid-soluble compounds, steroids, and prostaglandins. Astrocyte controlled.
BCB: formed by special ependymal cells, surrounds capillaries of choroid plexus; limits movement of compounds transferred; allows chemical composition of blood and csf to differ

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7
Q

cerebrum

A

left and right hemispheres.
gyri: precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus
sulci: central sulcus; lateral cerebral sulcus; parieto-occipital sulcus
fissures: transverse fissure; longitudinal fissure
4 lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and (insula)
3 basic regions: cerebral cortex, whit matter, basal nuclei

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8
Q

motor areas

A

primary motor cortex
premotor cortex
frontal eye field
broca’s area

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9
Q

primary motor cortex

A

located in precentral gyrus of frontal lobe
pyramidal cells: multipolar
control precise of skilled voluntary movement of skeletal muscle
form corticospinal tracts formed by long axons of pyramidal cells projecting to spinal cord
motor innervation of body is contralateral

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10
Q

premotor cortex

A

memory bank for skilled motor activities (muscle memory)

responsible for coordination of learned movements

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11
Q

frontal eye field

A

controls voluntary eye movement

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12
Q

broca’s area

A

special motor speech area that directs muscles involved in speech production

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13
Q

primary sensory cortex and somatic sensory association area

A

primary sensory cortex: receive information from general receptors
somatic sensory association area: monitors activity in primary sensory cortex; receives input from it. produces understanding of object being felt

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