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Nutrition Class > Ch 13 > Flashcards

Ch 13 Flashcards

1
Q

A person with a body weight that exceeds 100% of the normal standard for a given height is considered:

A) overweight.
B) obese.
C) morbidly obese.
D) severely obese.

A

C) morbidly obese.

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2
Q

Body mass index is:

A) a percentage of body weight.
B) a measure of body density.
C) the ratio of a person’s body weight to his or her height squared.
D) the ratio of a person’s height to the square of his or her body weight.

A

C) the ratio of a person’s body weight to his or her height squared.

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3
Q

Jill is 5’ 10” tall and weighs 167 pounds. What is her BMI (body mass index)?

A) 20
B) 24
C) 27
D) 32

A

B) 24

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4
Q

Jerome is 5’ 9” tall and weighs 210 pounds. Jerome’s BMI indicates that he is:

A) underweight.
B) at a healthy weight.
C) overweight.
D) obese.

A

D) obese.

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5
Q

A BMI value above ___ is associated with increased risks of chronic health diseases.

A) 18.5
B) 20
C) 25
D) 30

A

D) 30

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6
Q

A limitation in using the body mass index is that:

A) it is difficult to determine.
B) it does not take body composition into account.
C) it is not a good predictor of health risks.
D) it is not accurate when used on women.

A

B) it does not take body composition into account.

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7
Q

Which method of assessing body composition is considered to be the gold standard?

A) body mass index (BMI)
B) underwater weighing
C) skinfold test
D) waist circumference measurement

A

B) underwater weighing

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8
Q

Apple-shaped fat patterning increases a person’s risk for:

A) type 1 diabetes.
B) heart disease.
C) osteoporosis.
D) lactose intolerance.

A

B) heart disease.

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9
Q

Which of the following assessment techniques can be used to evaluate an individual’s fat distribution pattern?

A) body mass index (BMI)
B) underwater weighing
C) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
D) waist circumference measurement

A

D) waist circumference measurement

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10
Q

Paula’s waist measurement is 38 inches and her hip measurement is 36 inches. Based on her waist-to-hip ratio, how would you classify Paula’s health risk?

A) high because her waist-to-hip ratio is over 0.80
B) low because her waist-to-hip ratio is over 0.80
C) high because her waist-to-hip ratio is less than 0.80
D) low because her waist-to-hip ratio is less than 0.80

A

A) high because her waist-to-hip ratio is over 0.80

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11
Q

In women, a waist-to-hip ratio greater than ___ is associated with an increased disease risk.

A) 2.0
B) 0.8
C) 0.2
D) 80

A

B) 0.8

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12
Q

Which of the following correctly describes the energy balance equation?

A) energy consumed minus energy expended
B) energy expended minus energy consumed
C) energy expended plus energy consumed
D) energy consumed equals energy expended

A

D) energy consumed equals energy expended

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13
Q

Joe would like to lose two pounds a week. If his present energy intake is 4,200 kcal a day and his energy expenditure does not change, how many kilocalories should he consume each day to achieve his goal?

A) 2,000 kcal
B) 2,500 kcal
C) 3,200 kcal
D) 3,700 kcal

A

C) 3,200 kcal

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14
Q

Which of the following nutrients provide a source of energy for the body?

A) carbohydrates
B) vitamins
C) minerals
D) water

A

A) carbohydrates

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15
Q

An excess of approximately how many Calories will lead to one pound of body weight?

A) 1,000
B) 2,500
C) 3,500
D) 4,000

A

C) 3,500

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16
Q

The label on a ready-to-eat cereal box indicates that 1 cup contains 32 grams of carbohydrate, 4 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat. How many kcal are there in two cups of this cereal?

A) 162 kcal
B) 187 kcal
C) 256 kcal
D) 324 kcal

A

D) 324 kcal

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17
Q

At its lowest level, about ___ percent of our total daily energy expenditure is attributable to basal metabolism.

A) 20
B) 35
C) 60
D) 80

A

C) 60

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18
Q

At its highest level, about ___ percent of our daily energy expenditure is attributable to the thermic effect of food.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 35
D) 60

A

B) 10

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19
Q

The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is an individual’s:

A) gender.
B) fat tissue mass.
C) lean tissue mass.
D) age.

A

C) lean tissue mass.

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20
Q

Which of the following individuals would most likely have the highest basal metabolic rate?

A) a 20-year-old conditioned male athlete
B) a 50-year-old normal weight woman
C) a 45-year-old obese male
D) a 20-year-old sedentary female college student

A

A) a 20-year-old conditioned male athlete

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21
Q

At what age is there typically a decrease in basal metabolic rate?

A) 15
B) 25
C) 30
D) 45

A

C) 30

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22
Q

Molly is an 18-year-old college student who is 5’ 7” tall and weighs 140 pounds. How many kilocalories does she expend each day for basal metabolism?

A) 1,375 kcal
B) 1,527 kcal
C) 3,024 kcal
D) 3,360 kcal

A

A) 1,375 kcal

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23
Q

What are the three components of total energy expenditure?

A) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and adaptive thermogenesis
B) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food
C) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and sleep activity
D) basal metabolic rate, the thermic effect of food, and adaptive thermogenesis

A

B) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food

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24
Q

The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting, absorbing, transporting, metabolizing, and storing nutrients is called:

A) the basal metabolic rate.
B) the nutrient expenditure quotient.
C) the thermogenic effect of food.
D) adaptive thermogenesis.

A

C) the thermogenic effect of food.

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25
Q

George’s dinner contains 750 kilocalories. At most, how many kilocalories will George expend in order to process this meal?

A) 7.5 kcal
B) 50 kcal
C) 375 kcal
D) 750 kcal

A

A) 7.5 kcal

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26
Q

Which component of energy expenditure is the most variable from one person to another?

A) basal metabolism
B) thermogenic effect of food
C) energy cost of physical activity
D) adaptive thermogenesis

A

C) energy cost of physical activity

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27
Q

Patrick weighs 250 pounds and is trying to lose weight. He decides to start an exercise program and starts walking (2 mph) for 30 minutes, five days a week. This activity burns 0.044 kcal/kg body weight/minute. How many additional kcal will Patrick burn each week with this exercise regime?

A) 290 kcal
B) 560 kcal
C) 750 kcal
D) 980 kcal

A

C) 750 kcal

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28
Q

Jamie eats 240 gm of carbohydrate, 220 gm from fat, and 132 gm from protein each day. What is Jamie’s daily Caloric intake?

A) 592 kcal
B) 3,028 kcal
C) 3,468 kcal
D) 4,584 kcal

A

C) 3,468 kcal

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29
Q

Researchers have proposed that as much as ___ of our body fat is influenced by genetic factors.

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 90%
D) 100%

A

C) 90%

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30
Q

The thrifty gene theory suggests that:

A) our bodies are designed to maintain weight within a narrow range.
B) some people possess a gene that allows them to expend less energy than other people.
C) adult body weight is determined by the weight of our parents.
D) our adult weight is determined by our weight at birth.

A

B) some people possess a gene that allows them to expend less energy than other people.

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31
Q

The set-point theory suggests that:

A) the body is designed to maintain its weight within a narrow range.
B) some people possess a gene that allows them to expend less energy than other people.
C) adult body weight is determined by the weight of our parents.
D) our adult weight is determined by our weight at birth.

A

A) the body is designed to maintain its weight within a narrow range.

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32
Q

Leptin, which functions as a hormone, is produced by:

A) liver cells.
B) pancreatic cells.
C) muscle cells.
D) adipose cells.

A

D) adipose cells.

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33
Q

Which of the following nutrients is thought to be the most readily stored as adipose tissue?

A) protein
B) fat
C) carbohydrate
D) vitamins

A

B) fat

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34
Q

Special cells in the ___ are responsible for the drive to eat.

A) stomach
B) hypothalamus
C) small intestine
D) mouth

A

B) hypothalamus

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35
Q

The physiological state reached in which there is no longer a desire to eat is referred to as:

A) appetite.
B) hunger.
C) satiety.
D) repletion.

A

C) satiety.

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36
Q

Which of the following decreases appetite?

A) beta-endorphins
B) ghrelin
C) peptide YY
D) uncoupling proteins

A

C) peptide YY

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37
Q

Which of the following is an appetite-stimulating hormone produced by the stomach?

A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) peptide YY
D) uncoupling proteins

A

B) ghrelin

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38
Q

Which condition is conducive to weight loss?

A) low leptin sensitivity
B) high ghrelin sensitivity
C) low peptide YY sensitivity
D) increased uncoupling-protein activity

A

D) increased uncoupling-protein activity

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39
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about using daily dietary records?

A) Most individuals estimate their daily intake accurately.
B) Most individuals underestimate their daily intake.
C) They are accurate during periods of weight loss.
D) They are accurate only if done by a dietician.

A

B) Most individuals underestimate their daily intake.

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40
Q

A diet consisting of less than 10% of total energy as fat is classified as:

A) a very low Calorie diet.
B) a very low fat diet.
C) a low fat diet.
D) a high carbohydrate diet.

A

B) a very low fat diet.

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41
Q

What type of weight loss will an individual experience by restricting Calories but not increasing his or her level of physical activity?

A) The individual will lose mostly adipose tissue.
B) The individual will lose mostly lean body tissue.
C) The individual will lose both adipose and lean body tissue.
D) The individual will not lose any body weight.

A

B) The individual will lose mostly lean body tissue.

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42
Q

What is the National Weight Control Registry?

A) a list of medical doctors specially trained at treating individuals with obesity
B) a government agency that monitors fad diets for quackery
C) recommendations from hundreds of registered dietitians suggesting ways to achieve a healthy body weight
D) an ongoing project detailing the habits of people who have lost at least 30 pounds and maintained their weight for at least one year

A

D) an ongoing project detailing the habits of people who have lost at least 30 pounds and maintained their weight for at least one year

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43
Q

According to the National Weight Control Registry, a majority of people who were able to maintain their weight loss reported changes in:

A) diet only.
B) diet and exercise.
C) exercise only.
D) portion sizes.

A

B) diet and exercise.

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44
Q

Which agency regulates prescription and over-the-counter medications in the United States?

A) USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)
B) CDC (Centers for Disease Control)
C) AMA (American Medical Association)
D) FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

A

D) FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

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45
Q

Which of the following weight-loss medications was banned in 2000 because it caused the deaths of several people due to brain hemorrhages?

A) orlistat
B) ephedrine
C) sibutramine
D) phenylpropanolamine

A

D) phenylpropanolamine

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46
Q

Which of the following correctly describes anabolic substances?

A) They have been proven to enhance muscle gain and strength.
B) It is currently illegal to sell them in the United States.
C) They were a popular weight loss therapy of the 1980s.
D) They are banned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

A

D) They are banned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

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47
Q

Being underweight increases a person’s risk of developing:

A) infection and illness.
B) high blood pressure.
C) cancer.
D) heart disease.

A

A) infection and illness.

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48
Q

A person with a body mass index (BMI) between 30 and 39.9 is considered:

A) underweight.
B) overweight.
C) obese.
D) morbidly obese.

A

C) obese.

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49
Q

Sharon has high triglycerides, low HDL levels, and high blood pressure. With which condition is this cluster of risk factors associated?

A) hypoglycemia
B) cataracts
C) osteoporosis
D) metabolic syndrome

A

D) metabolic syndrome

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50
Q

What is a multifactorial disease?

A) a disease that exhibits many different forms, depending upon the individuals
B) a disease that has many different causes
C) a disease that affects many different organ systems
D) a disease that requires many different treatments or therapies

A

B) a disease that has many different causes

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51
Q

Stomach stapling is also called:

A) gastroplasty.
B) gastrosectioning.
C) gastric banding.
D) gastric bypass.

A

A) gastroplasty.

52
Q

Which of the following is MOST recommended for successful, healthful weight loss?

A) Consume 45% of Calories from carbohydrates.
B) Exercise 120 minutes at high intensity every day.
C) Consume less than 1000 kcal per day.
D) Exercise at least 30 minutes per day, five times per week.

A

D) Exercise at least 30 minutes per day, five times per week.

53
Q

Which method of determining the body’s energy expenditure measures the amount of heat the body releases?

A) doubly labeled water
B) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
C) direct calorimetry
D) indirect calorimetry

A

C) direct calorimetry

54
Q

An individual’s ___ refers to the amount of fat tissue mass as compared with lean tissue mass.

A) body mass index (BMI)
B) body composition
C) basal metabolic rate (BMR)
D) metabolic syndrome

A

B) body composition

55
Q

Which method estimates energy expenditure by measuring only the body’s production of carbon dioxide?

A) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
B) doubly labeled water
C) direct calorimetry
D) indirect calorimetry

A

B) doubly labeled water

56
Q

Which of the following methods estimates energy expenditure by measuring carbon dioxide produced and oxygen consumed by the body?

A) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
B) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
C) direct calorimetry
D) indirect calorimetry

A

D) indirect calorimetry

57
Q

The energy we expend just to maintain our resting functions, such as respiration and circulation, is known as the:

A) basal metabolic rate (BMR).
B) thermic effect of food.
C) energy cost of physical activity.
D) oxidation-reduction reaction.

A

A) basal metabolic rate (BMR).

58
Q

What is the MOST critical limitation of direct and indirect calorimetry methods?

A) They are less accurate than other methods.
B) They give data only under physically active conditions.
C) They must be performed in a laboratory or special chamber.
D) The necessary supplies are difficult to acquire.

A

C) They must be performed in a laboratory or special chamber.

59
Q

Which of the following methods measures energy expenditure under both resting and physically active conditions and is the most commonly used?

A) direct calorimetry
B) indirect calorimetry
C) doubly labeled water
D) dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

A

B) indirect calorimetry

60
Q

Which of the following methods can be used to measure energy expenditure for up to three weeks?

A) direct calorimetry
B) indirect calorimetry
C) doubly labeled water
D) dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

A

C) doubly labeled water

61
Q

The thrifty gene theory suggests that, during times of plenty, a person with a thrifty metabolism:

A) burns more Calories.
B) is more resistant to weight loss.
C) has more lean muscle mass.
D) draws on fat stored in adipose tissue.

A

B) is more resistant to weight loss.

62
Q

The set-point theory suggests that when a person is on a restrictive diet, the body responds by initiating physiological changes that:

A) slow down the basal metabolic rate.
B) increase the basal metabolic rate.
C) increase the thermic effect of food.
D) increase fidgeting and other spontaneous physical activity.

A

A) slow down the basal metabolic rate.

63
Q

Which of the following statements is evidence for the set-point theory?

A) At rest and during active times, energy expenditure is constant.
B) The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is common.
C) Native American tribes have been exposed to cycles of feast and famine for centuries.
D) Many people maintain a certain weight over long periods despite changes in energy intake.

A

D) Many people maintain a certain weight over long periods despite changes in energy intake.

64
Q

Which of the following individuals would be MOST resistant to weight gain and obesity?

A) a person with a thrifty gene(s)
B) a person who is insensitive to the effects of leptin
C) a person with more uncoupling proteins
D) a person with fewer, less active uncoupling proteins

A

C) a person with more uncoupling proteins

65
Q

Which type of adipose tissue has a greater number of mitochondria in its cells?

A) white adipose tissue
B) brown adipose tissue
C) red adipose tissue
D) yellow adipose tissue

A

B) brown adipose tissue

66
Q

An effective, healthful weight-loss plan sets total fat intake to no more than ___ of total energy.

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 32%

A

C) 25%

67
Q

Eating a diet composed of low-energy-dense foods results in:

A) a decrease in basal metabolic rate.
B) a decrease in satiation.
C) an increase in fat stored as adipose tissue.
D) greater weight loss than by simply reducing portion size.

A

D) greater weight loss than by simply reducing portion size.

68
Q

Which of the following is a low-energy-dense food?

A) skim milk
B) french fries
C) Oreo cookies
D) 2% milk

A

A) skim milk

69
Q

Which of the following is a prescription weight-loss drug that works by suppressing appetite?

A) orlistat
B) caffeine
C) phenylpropanolamine
D) sibutramine

A

D) sibutramine

70
Q

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is used to assess:

A) energy expenditure.
B) genetic predisposition for obesity.
C) body composition.
D) body mass index (BMI).

A

C) body composition.

71
Q

Which prescription weight-loss medication inhibits the absorption of dietary fat?

A) orlistat
B) caffeine
C) phenylpropanolamine
D) sibutramine

A

A) orlistat

72
Q

Pear-shaped fat distribution patterning increases a person’s risk for type 2 diabetes.

A

False

73
Q

The thrifty gene theory has shown that there is a single obesity gene.

A

False

74
Q

Elevated levels of thyroid hormone decrease the basal metabolic rate.

A

False

75
Q

Women generally have a higher basal metabolic rate than men.

A

False

76
Q

A woman’s basal metabolic rate increases during pregnancy and lactation.

A

True

77
Q

The Bod Pod uses the principle of water displacement to measure body composition.

A

False

78
Q

Body mass index (BMI) is the most accurate method of determining body composition.

A

False

79
Q

Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 18.5 have a decreased risk of health problems and death.

A

False

80
Q

A skinfold test is considered the gold standard for estimating body composition.

A

False

81
Q

A man with a waist measurement of 42 inches is at an increased risk for the development of chronic diseases.

A

True

82
Q

A hip measurement larger than the waist measurement would put one at higher risk for chronic diseases.

A

False

83
Q

The energy expended due to physical activity accounts for the majority of our total energy output each day.

A

False

84
Q

The majority of obese people have a depressed basal metabolic rate.

A

False

85
Q

As we grow older, there is nothing we can do to slow the loss of lean body mass.

A

False

86
Q

Leptin increases appetite.

A

False

87
Q

A child who is overweight is at risk of being overweight as an adult.

A

True

88
Q

Appetite is a psychological desire to eat.

A

True

89
Q

Oversecretion of the hormone leptin will result in weight gain.

A

False

90
Q

Hunger is a learned behavior.

A

False

91
Q

Overweight people tend to overestimate the kilocalories they consume.

A

False

92
Q

People trying to gain weight should eat most of their kilocalories from fat.

A

False

93
Q

Amino acid and protein supplements have been shown to increase lean body mass.

A

False

94
Q

It is illegal to sell anabolic substances in the United States.

A

False

95
Q

Research has shown that a diet emphasizing low-energy-density foods is an ineffective weight-loss strategy.

A

False

96
Q

It is estimated that about 70% of children who are obese maintain their higher weight as adults.

A

True

97
Q

Treating obesity with surgery is ineffective for almost all individuals.

A

False

98
Q

An eating disorder is defined as:

A) a psychiatric condition that requires a physician’s diagnosis.
B) any condition in which one’s eating behavior changes more than six times per year.
C) a variety of abnormal or atypical eating behaviors.
D) atypical eating behaviors that people use to achieve or maintain a lower body weight.

A

A) a psychiatric condition that requires a physician’s diagnosis.

99
Q

The type of eating disorder characterized by episodes of binging and purging is:

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) compulsive eating disorder.
D) binge-eating disorder.

A

B) bulimia nervosa.

100
Q

Obsessive-compulsive, perfectionism, socially inhibited, compliant, and emotionally restrained describe personality traits of:

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) binge-eating disorder.
D) obesity.

A

A) anorexia nervosa.

101
Q

Which of the following increases one’s risk of developing an eating disorder?

A) large family size
B) being young
C) having a sibling with an eating disorder
D) old age

A

C) having a sibling with an eating disorder

102
Q

Which U.S. group has the highest incidence of eating disorders?

A) Caucasian females
B) African American females
C) Hispanic females
D) Asian females

A

A) Caucasian females

103
Q

According to the American Psychiatric Association, anorexia nervosa is diagnosed when a client:

A) refuses to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height.
B) has an intense fear of losing weight or becoming thin.
C) experiences repeated episodes of binge eating.
D) experiences repeated episodes of purging.

A

A) refuses to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height.

104
Q

What percentage of U.S. females develop anorexia nervosa?

A) less than 4%
B) 9%
C) 25%
D) more than 37%

A

A) less than 4%

105
Q

The American Psychiatric Association estimates that as many as ___ of individuals diagnosed with anorexia nervosa are women.

A) 50%
B) 70%
C) 80%
D) 95%

A

D) 95%

106
Q

Which of the following BEST explains why individuals with anorexia nervosa have an increased risk for developing bone disorders?

A) low estrogen levels
B) frequent electrolyte imbalance
C) compromised immune system
D) low body weight

A

A) low estrogen levels

107
Q

Jessica always works out on the stairmaster for hours after eating a huge meal. This type of behavior is MOST common in:

A) obesity.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) binge eating.

A

B) bulimia nervosa.

108
Q

Up to what percentage of U.S. women have bulimia nervosa?

A) less than 1%
B) 1%
C) 4%
D) 7%

A

C) 4%

109
Q

Impulsivity, low self-esteem, attention-seeking, being extroverted, and erratic behavior MOST describe personality traits of:

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) binge-eating disorder.
D) obesity.

A

B) bulimia nervosa.

110
Q

In which of the following sports are male athletes at greater risk for developing bulimia nervosa?

A) basketball
B) football
C) wrestling
D) baseball

A

C) wrestling

111
Q

Which of the following BEST describes an episode of binge eating?

A) eating a large amount of food in a short period of time
B) heightened sense of control over eating
C) sense of depression when consuming excess Calories
D) consuming any food outside the parameters of a self-imposed restrictive diet

A

A) eating a large amount of food in a short period of time

112
Q

To be a diagnostic symptom of bulimia nervosa, binge eating must occur on average at least ___ for three months.

A) once a week
B) twice a week
C) four times a week
D) seven days a week

A

B) twice a week

113
Q

Which of the following eating disorders is the MOST common among men?

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) binge-eating disorder
D) reverse anorexia

A

C) binge-eating disorder

114
Q

Which of the following eating disorders is associated with obesity?

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) reverse anorexia
D) night-eating syndrome

A

D) night-eating syndrome

115
Q

Consuming a majority of energy between 8:00 PM and 6:00 AM is characteristic of which eating disorder?

A) anorexia nervosa
B) night-eating syndrome
C) binge-eating disorder
D) bulimia nervosa

A

B) night-eating syndrome

116
Q

A warning sign of the female athlete triad includes:

A) frequent snacking.
B) sleep apnea.
C) stress fractures.
D) hip fractures.

A

C) stress fractures.

117
Q

Premature bone loss associated with the female athlete triad is also called:

A) osteoporosis.
B) amenorrhea.
C) estrogen deficiency.
D) anorexia nervosa.

A

A) osteoporosis.

118
Q

The fundamental characteristic of muscle dysmorphia is a distorted body image.

A

True

119
Q

Strict adherence to a high-protein, muscle-enhancing diet is one characteristic of the female athlete triad.

A

False

120
Q

The diagnostic criteria for eating disorders cannot be applied to men.

A

False

121
Q

Men with anorexia are more concerned with body composition instead of actual body weight.

A

True

122
Q

Approximately 20% of individuals with anorexia will die prematurely from complications of the disorder.

A

True

123
Q

The incidence of bulimia nervosa is higher than that of anorexia nervosa.

A

True

124
Q

Most people who suffer from binge-eating disorder are underweight.

A

False

125
Q

Excessive exercising is a form of purging.

A

True

126
Q

Female athletes who experience amenorrhea are at risk for developing osteoporosis.

A

True

Nutrition Class (15 decks)

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