Ch 08 Flashcards
The primary role of most of the B-vitamins is to:
A) directly provide the body with energy.
B) act as coenzymes.
C) maintain and repair body tissues.
D) maintain acid-base balance.
B) act as coenzymes.
Which of the B-vitamins primarily functions in cell regeneration and the synthesis of red blood cells?
A) pantothenic acid
B) folate
C) riboflavin
D) niacin
B) folate
Low intakes of vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin B12 are linked to:
A) reduction in antibody levels.
B) high blood levels of heme iron.
C) low blood levels of homocysteine.
D) high blood levels of homocysteine.
D) high blood levels of homocysteine.
Which of the following is a vitamin-like substance involved in energy metabolism?
A) folate
B) iodine
C) choline
D) riboflavin
C) choline
Which of the following is a mineral involved in energy metabolism?
A) sulfur
B) pyridoxal
C) thiamin
D) pantothenic acid
A) sulfur
Chromium assists in ___ uptake.
A) calcium
B) sodium
C) potassium
D) glucose
D) glucose
The first B-vitamin discovered was:
A) niacin.
B) thiamin.
C) folate.
D) vitamin B12.
B) thiamin.
The vitamin thiamin is composed of a thiazole and a(n) ____ group.
A) amine
B) sulfur
C) oxygen
D) phosphate
A) amine
The coenzyme TPP plays a critical role in the breakdown of glucose for energy. Which water-soluble vitamin is part of the TPP complex?
A) thiamin
B) biotin
C) riboflavin
D) niacin
A) thiamin
Which of the following vitamins is involved in breaking glucose down into a smaller molecule that can be taken up by the TCA cycle?
A) riboflavin
B) thiamin
C) ascorbic acid
D) valine
B) thiamin
Who is at the greatest risk of experiencing poor thiamin status?
A) children
B) adolescents
C) women
D) the elderly
D) the elderly
Which B-vitamin is needed for protein synthesis?
A) thiamin
B) riboflavin
C) vitamin B6
D) choline
C) vitamin B6
Which of the following describes the main symptom(s) of beriberi?
A) dermatitis
B) muscle wasting and nerve damage
C) hemorrhaging
D) blindness
B) muscle wasting and nerve damage
Which of the following is the BEST source of thiamin?
A) citrus fruits
B) green, leafy vegetables
C) milk
D) whole grains
D) whole grains
Alcohol-related thiamin deficiency is called:
A) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
B) alcohol hypothiaminosis.
C) beriberi.
D) pellagra.
A) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
The B-vitamin involved in oxidation-reduction reactions is:
A) vitamin B12.
B) riboflavin.
C) thiamin.
D) folate.
B) riboflavin.
Riboflavin assists with antioxidant function through its role as a coenzyme for which enzyme?
A) glutathione peroxidase
B) alpha keto glutarate dehydrogenase
C) succinate
D) hexokinase
A) glutathione peroxidase
A deficiency of riboflavin is referred to as:
A) riboflavinitis.
B) hyporiboflavin.
C) ariboflavinosis.
D) primary riboflavin insufficiency.
C) ariboflavinosis.
Approximately one third of riboflavin is supplied in the American diet by:
A) meat.
B) milk and milk products.
C) fruit.
D) eggs.
B) milk and milk products.
The RDA for riboflavin for adults aged 19 years and older is 1.3 mg/day for men and:
A) 6 mg/day for women.
B) 2.5 mg/day for women.
C) .5 mg/day for women.
D) 1.1 mg/day for women.
D) 1.1 mg/day for women.
Which vitamin can be made from the amino acid tryptophan?
A) niacin
B) ascorbic acid
C) phenylalanine
D) cobalamin
A) niacin
What is the primary symptom of niacin toxicity?
A) dizziness
B) diarrhea
C) fatigue
D) flushing
D) flushing
Nicotinamide and nicotinic acid are two forms of:
A) niacin.
B) cigarette smoke.
C) folate.
D) riboflavin.
A) niacin.
Pellagra is a disease caused by a deficiency of:
A) folate.
B) niacin.
C) thiamin.
D) riboflavin.
B) niacin.
Which dietary source of niacin has the highest availability for absorption?
A) cereal grains
B) meat
C) enriched bread products
D) ready-to-eat cereals
B) meat
Jackie eats a banana, tuna fish sandwich, dry granola, and a slice of cheese. Which of these foods has the highest amount of available niacin?
A) tuna fish
B) granola
C) cheese
D) banana
A) tuna fish
The chemical name for vitamin B6 is:
A) pantothenic acid.
B) pyridoxine.
C) folate.
D) niacin.
B) pyridoxine.
Which of the following conditions are vitamin B6 supplements used to treat?
A) high cholesterol
B) hypertension
C) baldness
D) premenstrual syndrome
D) premenstrual syndrome
Vitamin B6 is a coenzyme for PLP, which plays a role in the process of making nonessential amino acids. This process is called:
A) glycolysis.
B) transamination.
C) lipolysis.
D) proteolysis.
B) transamination.
What percentage of dietary vitamin B6 comes from animal sources in a typical American diet?
A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 50%
D) 60%
B) 40%
Which B-vitamin metabolizes into a coenzyme involved in ketone metabolism?
A) thiamin
B) pantothenic acid
C) riboflavin
D) niacin
B) pantothenic acid
Which of the following B-vitamins is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids?
A) vitamin B6
B) vitamin B12
C) folate
D) pantothenic acid
D) pantothenic acid
The chronic overconsumption of ___ can result in a biotin deficiency.
A) herbal tea
B) raw egg whites
C) natural licorice
D) grapefruit juice
B) raw egg whites
Which B-vitamin is a component of the carboxylase enzymes involved in the TCA cycle?
A) biotin
B) thiamin
C) niacin
D) riboflavin
A) biotin
Which of the following is a component of fat-emulsifying bile?
A) pantothenic acid
B) biotin
C) choline
D) riboflavin
C) choline
Which of the following is integral in the neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement and memory?
A) biotin
B) choline
C) niacin
D) pyridoxal
B) choline
Eating too much of which compound below may lead to a fishy body odor?
A) ascorbic acid
B) niacin
C) acetyl CoA
D) choline
D) choline
The major dietary source of iodine is:
A) saltwater fish.
B) fruits and vegetables.
C) dairy products.
D) iodized salt.
D) iodized salt.
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of ___ hormones.
A) estrogen
B) growth
C) thyroid
D) androgen
C) thyroid
Hyperthyroidism is most commonly caused by the autoimmune disease called:
A) Graves’ disease.
B) pellagra.
C) beriberi.
D) cretinism.
A) Graves’ disease.
Which trace mineral is a cofactor involved in the formation of urea?
A) calcium
B) iodine
C) manganese
D) sodium
C) manganese
Which of the foods below has the highest amount of B-vitamins?
A) white bread rolls
B) polished rice
C) whole wheat bread
D) cheese
C) whole wheat bread
Which diet listed below is low in B-vitamins?
A) a diet high in unenriched, processed foods
B) vegan diet
C) Asian diet
D) a diet high in raw fruits and vegetables
A) a diet high in unenriched, processed foods
A(n) ___ is an organic molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it.
A) mineral
B) coenzyme
C) choline
D) antagonist
B) coenzyme
A deficiency of ___ leads to the development of beriberi.
A) vitamin B6
B) riboflavin
C) niacin
D) thiamin
D) thiamin
Prolonged excessive niacin intake can cause:
A) dementia.
B) dermatitis.
C) pellagra.
D) liver damage.
D) liver damage.
Consuming excessive amounts of vitamin B6 in supplement form has been associated with:
A) sensory neuropathy and lesions.
B) breast cancer.
C) reddened flushing of the skin.
D) liver damage and glucose intolerance.
A) sensory neuropathy and lesions.
A deficiency of which of the following vitamins increases the risk for cardiovascular disease?
A) niacin
B) thiamin
C) vitamin B6
D) riboflavin
C) vitamin B6
Iodine deficiency can cause low blood levels of thyroid hormone. This condition is known as:
A) hyperthyroidism.
B) hypothyroidism.
C) Graves’ disease.
D) pellagra.
B) hypothyroidism.
Which ailment below is a type of mental retardation caused by insufficient iodine during fetal development?
A) goiter
B) pellagra
C) cretinism
D) Graves’ disease
C) cretinism
Some athletes take supplements of the mineral ___ in an effort to gain lean body mass and reduce body fat.
A) chromium
B) iodine
C) iron
D) choline
A) chromium
Which of the following is a trace mineral that enhances the ability of insulin to transport glucose into the body’s cells?
A) iodine
B) choline
C) iron
D) chromium
D) chromium
Pregnant women who do not consume enough iodine have an increased risk for:
A) gestational diabetes.
B) edema.
C) dermatitis.
D) spontaneous abortion and stillbirth.
D) spontaneous abortion and stillbirth.
Which B-vitamin is part of the coenzymes FAD and FMN that aid in breaking down glucose and fatty acids?
A) thiamin
B) riboflavin
C) niacin
D) folate
B) riboflavin
Sandy has just been diagnosed with atrophic gastritis. Which vitamin is her doctor MOST likely to suggest she receive in supplement form?
A) niacin
B) thiamin
C) riboflavin
D) vitamin B12
A) niacin
Eric plays soccer and runs track. He relies on sports gels, candy, and soda for quick energy boosts after his games and track meets. Based on his activity level and snack preferences, he has an increased risk for:
A) B-vitamin deficiency.
B) blurred vision and dermatitis.
C) cancer.
D) allergies.
A) B-vitamin deficiency.
Chronic deficiency of ____ can impair heme synthesis and lead to the formation of small red blood cells with inadequate hemoglobin.
A) niacin
B) thiamin
C) vitamin B12
D) vitamin B6
D) vitamin B6
When you exercise, your body uses glycogen to maintain blood glucose levels. Which vitamin acts as a coenzyme during this process?
A) folate
B) vitamin B12
C) vitamin B6
D) biotin
C) vitamin B6
The “three Ds”—dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia—are symptoms of the advanced progression of which deficiency disease?
A) beriberi
B) pellagra
C) hypothyroidism
D) hyperthyroidism
B) pellagra
Which major mineral is a component of thiamin and biotin?
A) iodine
B) chromium
C) manganese
D) sulfur
D) sulfur
Excessive fat accumulation in the liver and ultimately liver damage can result from inadequate intake of:
A) choline.
B) chromium.
C) thiamin.
D) sulfur.
A) choline.
B-vitamins are good energy sources for the body.
False
The body is able to generate energy from macronutrients without B-vitamins.
False
Water-soluble B-vitamins are stored in the body.
False
Thiamin was the first B-vitamin discovered.
True
Branched-chain amino acids make up approximately 25% of the average protein content of muscle tissue.
True
Most Americans do not consume enough thiamin.
False
Processed foods provide a high amount of thiamin.
False
Thiamin is essential to carbohydrate metabolism.
True
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is an alcohol-related riboflavin deficiency.
False
Riboflavin is destroyed when it is exposed to light.
True
Riboflavin is a part of the oxidation-reduction coenzyme NAD.
False
Consuming a large amount of raw egg whites can lead to a niacin deficiency.
False
Choline is synthesized by the body.
True
The body does not easily absorb the folate in folic acid supplements.
False
Consuming both inadequate amounts of iodine and excessive amounts can cause a goiter to form.
True
It is difficult for people to consume adequate amounts of B-vitamins without taking a multivitamin each day.
False
Few foods naturally contain iodine.
True
A deficiency in thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 decreases the body’s ability to perform physical activity.
True
Since it is a water-soluble vitamin, vitamin B12 cannot be stored by the liver.
False
