Ch 12 Horizontal Ventilation Flashcards
Using the ejector flexible duct combination is also an excellent method of ventilating areas______
Below grade
As the name implies, a ______ window does not open but has a permanently glazed pane or panes set in a wooden, vinyl, or metal frame
Fixed
________ Windows have one movable section; in ________windows, both halves are movable
Single hung, double hung
_________ Windows are usually opened and closed using a small hand crank built into the frame
Casement
These windows have two or more sashes, one of which is fixed and the other or others are movable
Horizontal sliding windows
These windows have one or more top hinged Outward swinging sashes
Awning windows
These windows consist of Narrow horizontal panes of glass set in pivoting brackets at each end
Jalousie windows
These windows, also known as factory windows, maybe hinged at the top or bottom and may swing inward or outward
Projected windows
______ Windows have bottom hinged, inward swinging sashes
Hopper
Many sliding type interior fire doors are metal clad assemblies suspended from _______ mounted on the surface of a rated firewall
Slanting tracks
The most significant difference between telescoping doors and other types of service doors is that the telescoping doors consist of two layers separated by at least _______inches of air space
2
The _________, located between the foundation footing and the first floor, may extend well above the ground if the building occupies a sloping site
Stem wall
_________ are rated assemblies designed to reduce the likelihood of horizontal fire spread by compartmentalizing a building with fire resistive separations
Firewalls
Exterior masonry walls usually range from ____ to ____ inches or more in thickness
8-12
These walls are essentially frame walls in which 2 x 4“ or 2 x 6“ wood or metal studs are covered with a layer of plywood or oriented strand board for sheer strength
Veneer over frame walls
Some buildings have a foam veneer called in exterior insulation finishing system that is applied to the outside for aesthetic purposes. The EIFS veneer maybe as much as____ thick
1 foot
Some buildings have a foam veneer called an exterior insulation and finishing system that is applied to the outside for aesthetic purposes. These walls can be recognized by the _____ sound they make when tapped with a tool
Hollow
Some veneers, such as brick or stone, are attached to the studs with thin, corrugated pieces of sheet metal called______
Wall ties
Of all the various methods of ventilating burning buildings, ______ ventilation is by far the most often used
Natural horizontal
Whenever any ______ is open for ventilation purposes, whether for natural or mechanical ventilation, the opening should be maintained by blocking the door open with a wooden or rubber doorstops, pieces of furniture, or special hinge hooks
Swinging door
For ventilation purposes, interior doors may be opened and closed one by one in a______ process of ventilating an entire floor
Systematic
When windows are open for tactical ventilation, screens, curtains, drapes, or blinds should be removed because they will hinder airflow. In most cases, the exit opening should be about ______ as large as the inlet opening
Twice
Smoke ejectors are usually set up in openings on the______ side of the building
Leeward
_______ is the phenomenon of smoke blowing back out the top of the opening, only to be drawn back into the compartment at the bottom of the opening by the slight vacuum created by the action of the ejector
Churning
For PPV, blowers are set up about_____ outside the point of entry into the building so the cone of air they create completely covers the inlet opening
6 feet
Compared with mechanical smoke ejectors, fog streams are capable of removing ______ times more smoke, depending on the type and size of the nozzle, the angle of the spray pattern, and the location of the nozzle in relation to the ventilation opening
2-4x
A fog or spray stream directed through a window or doorway with a ______ pattern covering 85 to 90% of the opening provides the best results for ventilation
60- degrees
Because ventilation will almost always ______________, the fire may be intensified if operations are begun before attack lines are ready to be taken into the building
Increase Heat release rate
__________ are preferred for ventilating burned areas during overhaul
Electric fans
Fire departments also use flexible ducting that is up to______ in diameter, and is made of smooth, translucent plastic
24 inches
Double casement windows may be separated by a fixed pane or simply by vertical post call a _______
Mullion
Although there are several brands of energy efficient windows, they are all commonly referred to as______ windows
Thermal
Because of their superior insulating properties, ______windows hold in more heat than conventional windows
Thermal
________ Doors are most common on storage, commercial, industrial, or agricultural buildings
Exterior sliding
The most significant difference between telescoping doors and other types of service doors is that _____ doors consist of two layers separated by at least 2 inches of air space
Telescoping
Important factors to be considered for horizontal ventilation _____,_________,_______
Location of the fire
Wind direction and speed
Location of ventilation openings
Movement of smoke being blown out of a ventilation opening only to be drawn back inside by the negative pressure created by the ejector because the open area around the ejector has not been sealed
Churning
_______ Remains the most frequently used form of tactical ventilation
Horizontal ventilation
Accessories, such as flexible ducts, stacking and hanging devices, and other support systems allow for flexibility in the placement of__________
Smoke ejectors
Because it is supported by the steel coil, _______can be used in either positive pressure ventilation or negative pressure ventilation operations
Flexible ducting
When using _______ for ventilation, it is important to remember that replacement air must be brought into the area from which contaminants are being expelled
Smoke ejectors
Piper providing the replacement air via a _______to the most distant part of the compartment, is possible to exhaust the contaminants and bring replacement air through the same doorway or access opening
Flexible duct
Fixed windows are often flanked by ______ windows or are stacked with ______ windows that can be opened
Double hung or casement, awning or hopper
Some _____ windows are double or triple glazed
Energy efficient
Some energy efficient windows are double or triple glazed. Regardless of how many Panes are in each window, there is always a space between the panes. The space may be filled with ______,______ or some other inert gas
Air, Argon
Regardless of its design or location, a door opened for tactical ventilation purposes should be ______, but not removed
Blocked open
Generally, _____ should not be breached for ventilation purposes
Firewalls
____ must extend the entire width of the building and, in most cases, extend up to and above combustible roofs
Firewalls
In the most ______ there are no vertical studs, but some are supported by a rigid structural steel frame with heavy steel pillars
Metal walls
________ ventilation is intended to support Fire Control and extinguishment
Horizontal
Weather intentional or not, ______ is started when firefighters make entry into a building for search and rescue or fire attack
Horizontal ventilation
Whether in horizontal or vertical ventilation operations, _____ is primarily a means of supplementing or augmenting natural ventilation
Mechanical ventilation
______ are capable of being set up to blow air into a structure, but this is not the purpose for which they were designed
Smoked ejectors
When smoke ejector‘s are placed in doorways, windows, or other exterior openings, they should be positioned near the _______ because convection causes the majority of the heat and smoke to rise to the top of the compartment
Top of the opening
_______ Function by creating a slight positive pressure within the structure, this forcing the heat and smoke out of the exit opening
Blowers
The cone of air from PPV blowers should _____ the inlet opening
Completely cover
Two blowers placed _____ may be needed to ventilate larger structures
In tandem
One of the most important factors in deciding how to horizontally ventilate a burning building is _________ within the structure
Where the seat of the fire is located
Both______ and ________ must be considered when deciding where to locate the inlet and exit openings for horizontal ventilation
Wind direction, speed
Both wind direction and speed must be considered when deciding where to locate the inlet and exit openings for ________ ventilation 
Horizontal
By using __________ Two or more smoke ejectors can be coupled to ventilate smoke from basement, attics, suspended ceilings and other confined spaces
Flexible ducting
From the standpoint of horizontal ventilation, the two most important types of sliding doors are _____ doors and _______ fire doors
Exterior sliding, interior sliding
The exterior walls of metal buildings are usually of _______ formed into rectangular panels that are applied vertically over a wooden or metal frame
Light gauge sheet metal
