Ch 10 Search And Rescue Flashcards
The two objectives of a building search are _________&__________
Locating victims
Obtaining information about the location and extent of the fire
In zero visibility conditions, firefighters must use a______ or take a charge hose line with them into the building
Tagline
A ____________ is a rapid but thorough search that is performed either before or simultaneously with fire suppression operations
Primary search
During the primary search, many fire departments follow a standard set of priorities to have been developed through experience with countless fires. the standard priorities dictate that search teams focused their effort as follows
Most severely threatened
Largest numbers
Remainder of hazard zone
Exposures
Some departments supply their teams with lighted search ropes that consist of a series of tiny white lights encased in a clear plastic sheath. Available in lengths of up to ______ feet, the rope operates on 120 V AC power and is carried in a canvas bag
300
Several different types of thermal imager‘s are available to fire and rescue agencies. Most imagers use one of two technologies,_____ technology or______ technology
Microbolometer, BST( barium, strontium,titanium)
Some Images are designed primarily for locating the seat of a fire And have been calibrated to respond to temperatures in excess of _______degrees Fahrenheit
900
The imager can also be put out of service, at least temporarily, by becoming overheated or by a condition known as a __________
White out
The two major advantages of using a thermal imager during primary search are________&________
Speed, effectiveness
When visibility is limited, firefighters should move up and down _______ on their hands and knees, ascending head first and descending feet first
Stairs
Firefighters create______ by closing interior doors to isolate the fire and then remove heat and smoke from uninvolved areas with positive pressure ventilation or hydraulic ventilation
Safe zones
When search teams must progress deep into large and complex buildings, their _______must be maintained
Line of retreat
________ is used where the fire has cut off the normal means of entry into or egress from some parts of a burning building and credible reports indicate that one or more occupants are trapped in a room that is accessible from the outside
VES
_________ involves forcing entry from the exterior into rooms, such as bedrooms, where trapped occupants are most likely to be found
VES
The means most often used for marking ______inside a burning building include; construction chalk or crayon, masking or duct tape, specially designed door markers, and latch straps over door knobs
Searched rooms
Regardless of the marking method used, the marks should be placed on the lower_______ of the wall or door so they are more likely to be visible below the smoke layer
Third
When searching large or complex spaces that are filled with smoke, some fire departments employ a primary search system that uses a dedicated search line. The search line consist of______ feet of three eights inch rope with a Kevlar sheath from maximum abrasion protection and heat resistance
200
Lateral tethers are ______ foot sections of rope and have a steel ring at one end and a carabiner at the other
20
An _________ Is a protected location in a structure or occupants can gather and wait for assistance
Area of refuge
SOP for some departments call for firefighters to continue to use their SCBA until the atmosphere and the hazard area is deemed to be within safe limits.As a way of defining what safe limits mean in the situations, departments have historical used ______ as an index gas
Carbon monoxide
Areas most threatened by the fire should be searched first.In order of priority, the most critical areas in a multi story building our as follows
The fire floor
Floor directly above the fire
The top most floor
Occupational safety and health administration respiratory protection regulations in 29CFR1910.134 state that whenever firefighters are in an IDLH atmosphere including the interior of a burning building when the fire is beyond the ________ or _______stage, the firefighters must work in teams of two or more
Incipient, early growth
Rapid intervention operations on scene can be classified into two modes : ________&__________
Standby, deployment
Under certain conditions, NFPA 1500 allows members of a RIC to perform other duties outside of the hazard zone as long as one member remains at the _________
Entry point
About 10 feet outside of the entry point to the area being searched, the end of the search line is tied to a fixed object about______ feet above the floor
3
The navigator should be equipped with a _____, hand light, and TIC if available
Portable radio
Test showed that while a 2 team member RIC may be capable of locating a down fire fighter, it may take a _______or more firefighters to provide a reliable air supply, stabilizing any injuries, and packaging and remove a single fire fighter from the contaminated atmosphere to a place of safety
Dozen
Each member of the RIC should be equipped with at least one effective _______
Lighting device
In any case, firefighters should not assume that all occupants are out until the building has been searched and an ______ declared
All clear
Weight of the structure, structural members, building components, and any other feature permanently attached to the building that is constant and immobile
Dead load
Firefighters conducting a search of the floor above a fire are in a very dangerous location because of the potential for the fire to _______or extend upward onto that floor
Cut off their means of egress
Because _______ is not an emergency operation, firefighters should not be put in serious danger during what is the equivalent of a secondary search
Victim recovery
The two objectives of a building search are; locating victims, and _________ about the location and _________
Obtaining information, extent of the fire
In zero visibility conditions, firefighters must use a tagline or take a ______ with them into the building
Charged hoseline
During the primary search, firefighters must always use the ______, working in teams of two or more
Buddy system
A thermal imager functions by detecting the ______ produced by fires and some living organisms
Heat signature
A ________ occurs when the Imager is overwhelmed by the heat signature produced by a very intense fire and the screen suddenly goes white
Whiteout
When visibility is limited, firefighters should move up and downstairs on their hands and knees, ______
Ascending headfirst and descending feet first
With _____ Doors, firefighters should stay on the hinge side of the doorway so that the door can provide some protection if flames and heat erupt from the doorway opening
Outward opening 
Once inside the room, firefighters should start their search _____ and then work back toward the entry door
As close to the fire as possible
Victims who were overcome while attempting to escape a fire are often found _____ so firefighters may be able to reach in and pull a victim out
On the floor just below the window
The means most often used for marking searched rooms inside a burning building include; _____,_____,______ and _____
Construction chalk or crayon, masking or duct tape, specially designed door markers, and latch straps over door knobs
In some situations, it may be possible to protect trapped and or injured victims without immediately rescuing them. This technique is known as ____
Sheltering in place
Some residential and commercial buildings are designed with ________ as part of their life safety plan. The design of these buildings includes what are called________
Sheltering in place, areas of refuge
As a way of defining what safe limits means in the situations, departments have historically used carbon monoxide as an______
Index gas
Occupational safety and health administration respiratory protection regulations in _______ state that whenever firefighters are in an I DLH atmosphere, including the interior burning buildings when the fire is beyond the incipient or early growth stage, the firefighters must work in teams of two or more
29 CFR 1910.134
NFPA _____ requires an investigation into every case with the two in two out rule was not followed
1500
NFPA 1500 requires an investigation into every case where the two in two out rule was not followed. The result of this investigation must be submitted in writing to the ______
Fire chief
A TIC’s ability to detect the _____ produced by fires, warm blooded organisms, and even the minute levels of residual heat left by recent foot prints can help firefighters locate unconscious victims
Heat signature
Implementing a primary search using a search line system requires a team with a minimum of __ firefighters all though more is better
3
