Ch 11 Ventilation Size Up

Question 1

Factors that contribute to the ventilation of a fire are known as a ____________

Answer 1

Ventilation profile

Question 2

A fire is often termed ______ if it progresses through the roof or compromises windows on its own

Answer 2

Self vented

Question 3

____________ is a methodical, thought out approach to changing the ventilation profile of a structure

Answer 3

Tactical ventilation

Question 4

Properly done, _____ can contribute significantly to the achievement of all three of the universal goals on every incident; life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation

Answer 4

Tactical ventilation

Question 5

Also called __________, mechanical ventilation involves the use of fans, blowers, nozzles, and other mechanical devices to create or redirect the flow of air within an involved compartment or building

Answer 5

Forced ventilation

Question 6

In the incipient and early growth stages, a fire will be ________

Answer 6

Fuel controlled

Question 7

Increasing the air supplied to a ventilation controlled compartment fire will cause the_______ to rapidly increase

Answer 7

Heat release rate

Question 8

From a ventilation size up perspective, one of the most important indicators of the fire conditions within a burning building is the behavior of the visible ________

Answer 8

Smoke

Question 9

Smoke behavior that firefighters should look for when sizing up a working structure fire are

Answer 9

Smoke volume
Smoke color and density
Airflow

Question 10

There are two categories of smoke density _________&________

Answer 10

Optical density and opacity
Physical density

Question 11

Smoke containing high concentrations particles is both very dense and _________

Answer 11

opaque

Question 12

As a fire burns within a structure,______ causes the hot smoke and gases to expand and rise

Answer 12

Convection

Question 13

Unless they have been remodeled, and many of them have, older buildings may have______ with substandard insulation on the wires

Answer 13

Knob and tube wiring

Question 14

When copper was in short supply during the Korean and Vietnam wars, some newer buildings had ______ wiring installed, which has been identified as a probable cause of numerous structure fires

Answer 14

Aluminum

Question 15

Among the most positive building construction features are ______fire doors

Answer 15

Self closing

Question 16

From a ventilation standpoint, one of the most helpful features a building can have is automatic __________

Answer 16

Smoke Vents

Question 17

Ideally, buildings with panelists roof systems, or any other system that is prone to early collapse during a fire, will have automatic _______

Answer 17

Smoke Vents

Question 18

When the IC has decided that ventilation is needed, coordinating the ventilation operation with rescue and fire attack generally involves three components: _____,_______,_______

Answer 18

Timing, location, method

Question 19

The __________ Of tactical ventilation can be one of the most critical aspect of the operation, and both effectiveness and safety

Answer 19

Timing

Question 20

If conditions allow,_______ ventilation is the best option because it requires no additional personnel or equipment to set up and maintain

Answer 20

Natural

Question 21

Whenever natural ventilation is in adequate or causes air to flow in the wrong direction, or if other elements in the situation limit or preclude natural ventilation, ________ ventilation is needed

Answer 21

Mechanical

Question 22

In horizontal ventilation, fire and heated gases are released through window openings or doorways. Consequently, there is sometimes a danger that they will ignite the structure above the point where they escape for that they may be drawn into windows above the ventilation opening by_______, also known as auto exposure

Answer 22

Lapping

Question 23

Horizontal ventilation can threaten exposed buildings through ______ and or direct flame contact

Answer 23

Radiation

Question 24

The most important weather related influences on tactical ventilation are ______&__________

Answer 24

Wind, temperature

Question 25

______ profiles are composed of factors that occur without outside intervention

Answer 25

Natural ventilation

Question 26

Any actions on the part of firefighters to ventilate a structure from opening doors in breaking windows to setting up ventilation fans are ____ efforts because they are done with intent and purpose

Answer 26

Tactical ventilation

Question 27

Whenever possible, tactical ventilation should be implemented in concert with existing atmospheric conditions, taking advantage of______

Answer 27

Natural ventilation

Question 28

In some situations such as with an adverse wind natural ventilation may be in adequate and may have to be supplemented or increased with ______

Answer 28

Mechanical ventilation

Question 29

Development of fuel controlled fires is limited by the ____ and ____ of the fuel involved

Answer 29

Characteristics, availability

Question 30

Increasing ventilation to a _______ apartment fire will initially slow as progress towards flash over by removing hot gases and cooling the interior of the compartment with fresher hair

Answer 30

Fuel controlled

Question 31

As the fire develops through the growth stage and approaches the fully developed stage, it is likely to become_____

Answer 31

Ventilation controlled

Question 32

Providing an increased air supply to a _____ fire in the decay stage can result in a ventilation induced flashover or Backdraft

Answer 32

Ventilation controlled

Question 33

The ____ of the smoke being produced by a fire is a more reliable indicator of fire conditions than the _____ of smoke being produced

Answer 33

Color, volume

Question 34

_______ smoke generally indicates that cellulose-based materials are burning in an atmosphere with abundant oxygen

Answer 34

Whitish gray smoke

Question 35

On the other hand, _____ smoke is generally produced by hydrocarbons such as petroleum and petroleum based materials

Answer 35

Dense black

Question 36

These terms describe how difficult it is to see through the smoke

Answer 36

Optical density and opacity

Question 37

This describes how buoyant the smoke is

Answer 37

Physical density

Question 38

Older wood frame buildings were most often built from ______lumber

Answer 38

Full dimension

Question 39

________ Buildings are especially prone to structural collapse

Answer 39

Unreinforced masonry

Question 40

Many older buildings had ______ installed, which created concealed spaces where fire could burn and detected

Answer 40

False ceilings

Question 41

Among the most ______ are self closing fire doors

Answer 41

Positive building construction features

Question 42

Among the most positive building construction features are self closing fire doors. Whether activated by fusible links or by fire and smoke detection systems, these doors limit the spread of fire on any particular floor by employing the principal of_________

Answer 42

Compartmentalization

Question 43

If firefighters face a major fire in a fully sprinkled building, they must assume that either the system is ______ or that an extremely intense fire has ________

Answer 43

Not operational, overwhelmed the system

Question 44

_______ that discharge CO2, halogenated agents, or dry chemical agents have generally the same capabilities as automatic sprinkler systems but on a more limited scale

Answer 44

Flooding systems

Question 45

______ Features include those that do not resist effects of fire, those that promote fire spread, increase the likelihood of structural collapse, and make entry by firefighters more difficult

Answer 45

Negative construction

Question 46

Deciding where to create the ventilation opening is often dictated by _____ and the_______

Answer 46

Where the fire is located, stage of fire development

Question 47

In general, the ventilation opening should be made_________as safely possible

Answer 47

As close to the seat of the fire

Question 48

One of the most important considerations is that the ventilation opening be located where it will _______ from any trapped occupants

Answer 48

Draw the fire, heat, and smoke away

Question 49

When the involved building is but one of a connected series in a commercial block or strip mall, checking the ____ or ______of a joining occupancies may disclose the fire location

Answer 49

Interior walls, exterior windows

Question 50

_______ ventilation involves the use of fans, blowers, nozzles, or other mechanical devices to create or redirect the flow of air inside a burning building

Answer 50

Mechanical or forced

Question 51

Within limits, using ______ can eliminate or reduce the effect of wind on tactical ventilation efforts

Answer 51

Mechanical ventilation

Question 52

_______ Can channel the airborne products of combustion out of the building by the most efficient in least destructive path and allow fresh air to be re-introduced into the space

Answer 52

Mechanical ventilation

Question 53

_______ can affect the neutral pressure plane in high-rise buildings

Answer 53

Atmospheric temperature

Question 54

One of the most important elements in the size of a structure fire is that of _______

Answer 54

Ventilation

Question 55

Some fire department train their firefighters to control the search environment to the greatest extent possible. They do so by applying _______ techniques and ________

Answer 55

Safe zoning, guarding the line of retreat

Question 56

Effective _____ of a structure fire can draw heat, smoke, and toxic fire gases away from both trapped occupants and firefighters

Answer 56

Tactical ventilation

Question 57

When the fire situation permits using ____ ventilation in conjunction with ______ ventilation allows a tenable atmosphere to be restored faster and more efficiently than with natural ventilation alone

Answer 57

Forced, natural

Question 58

Horizontal ventilation can threaten exposed buildings through _____and/or______

Answer 58

Radiation , direct flame contact