CH. 11 MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION Flashcards

1
Q

Route of Administration:
Intraosseous

Onset of Action?

A

30-60 s

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2
Q

Route of Administration:
Intravenous

Onset of Action?

A

30-60 s

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3
Q

Route of Administration:
Endotracheal

Onset of Action?

A

2-3 min

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4
Q

Route of Administration:
Inhalation

Onset of Action?

A

2-3 min

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5
Q

Route of Administration:
MAD

Onset of Action?

A

3-5 min

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6
Q

Route of Administration:
Sublingual

Onset of Action?

A

3-5 min

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7
Q

Route of Administration:
IM

Onset of Action?

A

10-20 min

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8
Q

Route of Administration:
SC

Onset of Action?

A

15-30 min

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9
Q

Route of Administration:
Rectal

Onset of Action?

A

5-30 min

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10
Q

Route of Administration:
Oral

Onset of Action?

A

30-90 min

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11
Q

Route of Administration:
Topical

Onset of Action?

A

minutes to hours

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12
Q

a pathologic condition resulting from the accumulation of bases in the body

A

alkalosis

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13
Q

small glass containers that are sealed and the contents sterilized

A

ampules

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14
Q

an ion that contains an overall negative charge

A

anion

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15
Q

the anterior aspect of the elbow

A

antecubital

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16
Q

a substance that prevents blood from clotting

A

anticoagulant

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17
Q

a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that signals the kidneys to prevent excretion of water

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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18
Q

chemicals used to cleanse an area before performing an invasive procedure, such as starting an IV line; not toxic to living tissues; examples include isopropyl alcohol and iodine

A

antiseptics

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19
Q

a method of cleansing used to prevent contamination of a site when you are performing an invasive procedure such as starting an IV line

A

aseptic technique

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20
Q

a staggered walk or gait

A

ataxia

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21
Q

pertaining to the ear

A

aural

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22
Q

an ion that contains two charges

A

bivalent

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23
Q

a special type of macro drip administration set designed to facilitate rapid fluid replacement by manual infusion of multiple IV bags or IV blood replacement combinations

A

blood tubing

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24
Q

a term used to describe in one mass; in medication administration, a single dose given by the IV or IO route; may be a small or large quantity of the drug

A

bolus

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25
Q

a spring loaded device used for inserting an IO needle into the proximal tibia and pediatric patients

A

Bone Injection Gun (BIG)

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26
Q

between the cheek and gums

A

buccal

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27
Q

a rigid, hollow, venous cannulation device identified by its plastic “wings” that act as anchoring points for securing the catheter

A

butterfly catheter

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28
Q

the insertion of the catheter, such as into a vein to allow for fluid flow

A

cannulation

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29
Q

hand or foot spasm; usually the result of hyperventilation or hypocalcemia

A

carpopedal spasms

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30
Q

occurs when a needle is reinserted into the catheter, and it slices through the catheter, creating a free-floating segment

A

catheter shear

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31
Q

an ion that contains an overall positive charge

A

cation

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32
Q

a scale used for measuring temperature where water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees

A

Celcius scale

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33
Q

solutions that contain molecules that are too large to pass out of the capillary membranes and remain in the vascular compartment

A

colloid solutions

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34
Q

the total weight of a drug contained in a specific volume of liquid

A

concentration

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35
Q

the natural tendency for substances to flow from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration within or outside the side

A

concentration gradient

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36
Q

the puncturing of an emergency care provider’s skin with a needle or catheter that was used on a patient

A

contaminated stick

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37
Q

solutions of dissolved crystals in water; contain compounds that quickly dissociate in solution

A

crystalloid solutions

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38
Q

an intravenous solution made up of 5% dextrose in water

A

D5W

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39
Q

depletion of the body’s systemic fluid volume

A

dehydration

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40
Q

the rapid movement of electrolytes across a cell membrane that changes the cell’s overall charge. This rapid shifting of electrolytes and cellular charges is the main catalyst for muscle contractions and neural transmissions

A

depolarization

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41
Q

the amount of a drug that the physician orders for a patient; the drug order

A

desired dose

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42
Q

the shaft of the long bone

A

diaphysis

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43
Q

a process where molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

diffusion

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44
Q

a solution used for diluting a medication

A

diluent

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45
Q

chemicals used on nonliving objects to kill organisms; toxic to living tissue

A

disinfectants

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46
Q

the area of administration set where fluids accumulates so that the tubing remains filled with fluid

A

drip chamber

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47
Q

injecting sterile water or saline from one vial into another vial containing a powdered form of the drug

A

drug reconstitution

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48
Q

charged atoms or compounds that result from the loss or gain of an electron. These are ions that the body uses to perform certain critical metabolic functions

A

electrolytes

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49
Q

medication administration that involves the medication passing through a portion of the GI tract

A

enteral medications

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50
Q

the growth plate of the bone; a major site of bone development during childhood

A

epiphyseal plate

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51
Q

the ends of a long bone

A

epiphyses

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52
Q

large neck vein that is lateral to the carotid artery

A

external jugular (EJ) vein

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53
Q

a hand-held, battery-powered driver to which a special IO needle is attached; used for insertion of the IO needle into the proximal tibia of children and adults

A

EZ-IO

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54
Q

a scale for measuring temperature where water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees

A

Fahrenheit scale

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55
Q

the fiberlike connective tissue that covers arteries, veins, tendons, and ligaments

A

fascia

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56
Q

a sternal IO device used in adults; stands for First Access for Shock and Trauma

A

FASTI

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57
Q

the area of an IV catheter that fills with blood to help indicate when a vein is cannulated

A

flash chamber

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58
Q

tubes that are commonly inserted into patients in the prehospital setting to decompress the stomach; can also be used to administer certain enteral medications

A

gastric tubes

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59
Q

the internal diameter of an IV catheter or needle

A

gauge

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60
Q

a unit of measure that indicates drops

61
Q

an accumulation of blood in the tissues beneath the skin; a potential complication of IV therapy

62
Q

the body’s natural clotting mechanism

A

hemostasis

63
Q

the balance of all body systems of the body; known as homeostatic balance

A

homeostasis

64
Q

a high serum calcium level

A

hypercalcemia

65
Q

a high serum potassium level

A

hyperkalemia

66
Q

a solution that has greater concentration of sodium than does the cell; the increased osmotic pressure can draw water out of the cell and cause it to collapse

A

hypertonic solution

67
Q

devices that are implanted in surgery, sutured under the skin, for the purpose of long-term medication administration, total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, blood product administration, and venous blood sampling; an arteriovenous fistula is an example

A

implanted vascular access device (VAD)

68
Q

the escape of fluid into the surrounding tissue; the result of vein perforation during IV cannulation

A

infiltration

69
Q

breathing into the lungs; a medication delivery route

A

inhalation

70
Q

the water bathing the cells; accounts for about 10.5 % of body weight; includes special fluid collections such as CSF and intraocular fluid

A

interstitial fluid

71
Q

the water contained inside the cells; accounts for 45% of the body weight

A

intracellular fluid

72
Q

the layer of the dermis, beneath the epidermis; a medication delivery route

A

intradermal

73
Q

into a muscle

A

intramuscular

74
Q

within the nose

A

intranasal

75
Q

within the bone

A

intraosseous

76
Q

a technique of administering fluids, blood and blood products, and medications into the intraosseous space of the long bone, usually the proximal tibia

A

intraosseous (IO) infusion

77
Q

the spongy cancellous bone of the epiphyses and the medullary cavity of the diaphysis, collectively

A

intraosseous (IO) space

78
Q

plasma; the water within the blood vessels, which carries the RBC, WBC, and vital nutrients; counts for 4.5% of body weight

A

intravascular fluid

79
Q

within a vein

A

intravenous

80
Q

cannulation of a vein with an IV catheter to access the patient’s vascular system

A

intravenous (IV) therapy

81
Q

the amount of charged particles found in a particular area

A

ionic concentration

82
Q

charged atoms or compounds that result from the loss or gain of an electron

83
Q

intravenous solutions that do not cause a fluid shift into or out of the cell; include normal saline and lactated Ringer’s solutions

A

isotonic crystalloids

84
Q

a solution that has the same concentration of sodium as does the cell. Water does not shift and no change in cell shape occurs

A

isotonic solution

85
Q

a sterile isotonic crystalloid IV solution of specified amounts of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and sodium lactate in water

A

lactated Ringer’s (I.R.) solution

86
Q

reactions that occur in a localized area; a potential complication of IV therapy

A

local reactions

87
Q

administration sets named for the large orifice between the piercing spike and the drip chamber; allow for rapid fluid flow into the vascular system; allow 10 or 15 gtt/mL, depending on the manufacturer

A

macro drip sets

88
Q

a term applied to the practice of preventing contamination of the patient by using aseptic technique

A

medical asepsis

89
Q

pertaining to the breakdown of ingested foodstuffs into smaller and smaller molecules and atoms that are used as energy sources for cellular function

90
Q

a pressurized canister that delivers a specific dose of medication

91
Q

a decimal system based on tens for the measurement of length, weight, and volume

A

metric system

92
Q

administration sets named for the small needle like orifice between the piercing spike and the drip chamber; allow for carefully controlled fluid flow and are ideally suited for medication administration; allow for 60 gtt/mL

A

micro drip sets

93
Q

unit of measure for electrolytes

A

milliequivalents (mEq)

94
Q

a single vial divided into two compartments by a rubber stopper such as Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol)

A

Mix-o-Vial

95
Q

an ion that contains one charge

A

monovalent

96
Q

a device that attaches to the end of a syringe that is used to spray certain medications via the intranasal route

97
Q

a device for producing a fine spray mist or mist that is used to deliver inhaled medications

98
Q

devices that have been inserted by direct venipuncture through the skin directly into a selected vein, for the purpose of long term administration, total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, and venous blood sampling; peripheral inserted central catheters and central venous catheters are examples

A

non-tunneling devices

99
Q

solutes that have no electrical charge; include glucose and urea; measured in milligrams (mg)

A

nonelectrolytes

100
Q

a solution of 0.9% sodium chloride; an isotonic crystalloid

A

normal saline

101
Q

blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel or IV catheter

102
Q

pertaining to the eye

103
Q

type of medical control where the paramedic is in direct contact with a physician, usually via a two way radio or telephone

A

online medical control

104
Q

the ability to influence the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

A

osmolarity

105
Q

the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower to higher concentration of solute molecules

106
Q

a congenital bone disease that results in fragile bone

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

107
Q

inflammation of the bone and muscle caused by infection

A

osteomyelitis

108
Q

an increase in the body’s systemic fluid volume

A

overhydration

109
Q

a teflon (plastic) catheter inserted over a hollow needle

A

over the needle catheter

110
Q

a route of medication administration that involves any route other than the GI tract

A

parenteral route

111
Q

a type of surgical drain often used as a constricting band

A

Penrose drain

112
Q

thought the skin or mucous membrane

A

percutaneous

113
Q

cannulating veins of the periphery, that is, those that can be seen and/or palpated.

A

peripheral vein cannulation

114
Q

the cell membrane’s double layer

A

phospholipid bilayer

115
Q

a hard plastic spike designed to pierce the sterile membrane of the IV bag

A

piercing spike

116
Q

symptomatic drop in blood pressure related to the patient’s body position

A

postural hypotension

117
Q

medication syringes that are prepackaged and prepared with a specific concentration

A

prefilled syringes

118
Q

a sleeve that is placed around the IV bag and inflated to force fluid to flow from the IV bag and into the tubing

A

pressure infuser device

119
Q

a blood clot or foreign matter trapped within the pulmonary circulation

A

pulmonary embolism

120
Q

a reaction characterized by an abrupt temperature elevation (as high as 106 degrees) with severe chills, backache, headache, weakness, nausea, and vomiting; a potential complication of IV or IO therapy

A

pyrogenic reaction

121
Q

feature of an IV catheter that allows it to appear on a radiograph

A

radiopaque

122
Q

special types of IV devices that eliminate the need to hang a bag of IV fluid; also called a buff cap or INT (intermittent); commonly used for patients who do not require fluid boluses but may require medication therapy

A

saline locks

123
Q

the ability of the cell membrane to selectively allow compounds into the cell based on cell’s current needs

A

selective permeability

124
Q

glass tubes with self-sealing rubber caps; used to obtain blood samples

A

self-sealing blood tubes

125
Q

any contaminated item that can cause injury

126
Q

the mechanism by which the cell brings in two potassium ions and releases three sodium ions

A

sodium potassium pump

127
Q

the dissolved particles contained in the solvent

128
Q

combination of dissolved elements and water

129
Q

the fluid that does the dissolving or the solution that contains the dissolved components

130
Q

a form of off-line or indirect medical control, where the paramedic performs certain predefined procedures before contacting the physician

A

standing orders

131
Q

the destruction of all living organisms; achieved by using heat, gas, or chemical

132
Q

into the tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route

A

subcutaneous

133
Q

under the tongue

A

sublingual

134
Q

fainting

135
Q

reactions that affect systems of the body

A

systemic complications

136
Q

the shifting of fluid into the tissues, creating edema

A

third spacing

137
Q

inflammation of a vein

A

thrombophlebitis

138
Q

plastic catheters inserted through a hollow needle; referred to as intracaths

A

through the needle catheters

139
Q

the osmotic pressure of a solution, based on the relationship between sodium and water inside and outside the cell, that takes advantage of their chemical and osmotic properties to move water to areas of higher concentration

140
Q

total amount of water in the human body; accounts for approx 60% of the weight of an average man; divided into various components

A

total body water (TBW)

141
Q

the visible scars from repeated cannulation of a vein; commonly associated with illicit drug use

A

track marks

142
Q

across the skin

A

transdermal

143
Q

a cylindrical device that attaches to an 18-or 20-guage sampling needle; accommodates self sealing blood tubes when blood samples are being obtained

A

vacutainer

144
Q

veins on the leg that are large, twisted, and ropelike and can cause pain, swelling, or itching

A

varicose veins

145
Q

the development of a stationary blood clot in the venous circulation

A

venous thrombosis

146
Q

small glass or plastic bottles that contain medication; may contain single or multiple doses

147
Q

the amount of fluid you have on hand such as the amount of fluid in the IV bag or the amount of fluid in a vial or medication

A

volume on hand

148
Q

a special type of micro drip set that features a 100 or 200 mL calibrated drip chamber; used for fluid regulation in patients prone to circulatory overload, such as pediatric and elderly patients; also called a Buretrol