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EMT-P (PAR 212-PHARMACOLOGY) > CH. 11 MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION > Flashcards

CH. 11 MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION Flashcards

1
Q

Route of Administration:
Intraosseous

Onset of Action?

A

30-60 s

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2
Q

Route of Administration:
Intravenous

Onset of Action?

A

30-60 s

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3
Q

Route of Administration:
Endotracheal

Onset of Action?

A

2-3 min

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4
Q

Route of Administration:
Inhalation

Onset of Action?

A

2-3 min

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5
Q

Route of Administration:
MAD

Onset of Action?

A

3-5 min

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6
Q

Route of Administration:
Sublingual

Onset of Action?

A

3-5 min

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7
Q

Route of Administration:
IM

Onset of Action?

A

10-20 min

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8
Q

Route of Administration:
SC

Onset of Action?

A

15-30 min

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9
Q

Route of Administration:
Rectal

Onset of Action?

A

5-30 min

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10
Q

Route of Administration:
Oral

Onset of Action?

A

30-90 min

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11
Q

Route of Administration:
Topical

Onset of Action?

A

minutes to hours

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12
Q

a pathologic condition resulting from the accumulation of bases in the body

A

alkalosis

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13
Q

small glass containers that are sealed and the contents sterilized

A

ampules

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14
Q

an ion that contains an overall negative charge

A

anion

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15
Q

the anterior aspect of the elbow

A

antecubital

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16
Q

a substance that prevents blood from clotting

A

anticoagulant

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17
Q

a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that signals the kidneys to prevent excretion of water

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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18
Q

chemicals used to cleanse an area before performing an invasive procedure, such as starting an IV line; not toxic to living tissues; examples include isopropyl alcohol and iodine

A

antiseptics

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19
Q

a method of cleansing used to prevent contamination of a site when you are performing an invasive procedure such as starting an IV line

A

aseptic technique

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20
Q

a staggered walk or gait

A

ataxia

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21
Q

pertaining to the ear

A

aural

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22
Q

an ion that contains two charges

A

bivalent

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23
Q

a special type of macro drip administration set designed to facilitate rapid fluid replacement by manual infusion of multiple IV bags or IV blood replacement combinations

A

blood tubing

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24
Q

a term used to describe in one mass; in medication administration, a single dose given by the IV or IO route; may be a small or large quantity of the drug

A

bolus

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25
Q

a spring loaded device used for inserting an IO needle into the proximal tibia and pediatric patients

A

Bone Injection Gun (BIG)

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26
Q

between the cheek and gums

A

buccal

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27
Q

a rigid, hollow, venous cannulation device identified by its plastic “wings” that act as anchoring points for securing the catheter

A

butterfly catheter

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28
Q

the insertion of the catheter, such as into a vein to allow for fluid flow

A

cannulation

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29
Q

hand or foot spasm; usually the result of hyperventilation or hypocalcemia

A

carpopedal spasms

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30
Q

occurs when a needle is reinserted into the catheter, and it slices through the catheter, creating a free-floating segment

A

catheter shear

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31
Q

an ion that contains an overall positive charge

A

cation

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32
Q

a scale used for measuring temperature where water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees

A

Celcius scale

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33
Q

solutions that contain molecules that are too large to pass out of the capillary membranes and remain in the vascular compartment

A

colloid solutions

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34
Q

the total weight of a drug contained in a specific volume of liquid

A

concentration

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35
Q

the natural tendency for substances to flow from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration within or outside the side

A

concentration gradient

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36
Q

the puncturing of an emergency care provider’s skin with a needle or catheter that was used on a patient

A

contaminated stick

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37
Q

solutions of dissolved crystals in water; contain compounds that quickly dissociate in solution

A

crystalloid solutions

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38
Q

an intravenous solution made up of 5% dextrose in water

A

D5W

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39
Q

depletion of the body’s systemic fluid volume

A

dehydration

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40
Q

the rapid movement of electrolytes across a cell membrane that changes the cell’s overall charge. This rapid shifting of electrolytes and cellular charges is the main catalyst for muscle contractions and neural transmissions

A

depolarization

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41
Q

the amount of a drug that the physician orders for a patient; the drug order

A

desired dose

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42
Q

the shaft of the long bone

A

diaphysis

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43
Q

a process where molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

diffusion

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44
Q

a solution used for diluting a medication

A

diluent

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45
Q

chemicals used on nonliving objects to kill organisms; toxic to living tissue

A

disinfectants

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46
Q

the area of administration set where fluids accumulates so that the tubing remains filled with fluid

A

drip chamber

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47
Q

injecting sterile water or saline from one vial into another vial containing a powdered form of the drug

A

drug reconstitution

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48
Q

charged atoms or compounds that result from the loss or gain of an electron. These are ions that the body uses to perform certain critical metabolic functions

A

electrolytes

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49
Q

medication administration that involves the medication passing through a portion of the GI tract

A

enteral medications

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50
Q

the growth plate of the bone; a major site of bone development during childhood

A

epiphyseal plate

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51
Q

the ends of a long bone

A

epiphyses

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52
Q

large neck vein that is lateral to the carotid artery

A

external jugular (EJ) vein

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53
Q

a hand-held, battery-powered driver to which a special IO needle is attached; used for insertion of the IO needle into the proximal tibia of children and adults

A

EZ-IO

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54
Q

a scale for measuring temperature where water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees

A

Fahrenheit scale

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55
Q

the fiberlike connective tissue that covers arteries, veins, tendons, and ligaments

A

fascia

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56
Q

a sternal IO device used in adults; stands for First Access for Shock and Trauma

A

FASTI

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57
Q

the area of an IV catheter that fills with blood to help indicate when a vein is cannulated

A

flash chamber

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58
Q

tubes that are commonly inserted into patients in the prehospital setting to decompress the stomach; can also be used to administer certain enteral medications

A

gastric tubes

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59
Q

the internal diameter of an IV catheter or needle

A

gauge

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60
Q

a unit of measure that indicates drops

A

gtt

61
Q

an accumulation of blood in the tissues beneath the skin; a potential complication of IV therapy

A

hematoma

62
Q

the body’s natural clotting mechanism

A

hemostasis

63
Q

the balance of all body systems of the body; known as homeostatic balance

A

homeostasis

64
Q

a high serum calcium level

A

hypercalcemia

65
Q

a high serum potassium level

A

hyperkalemia

66
Q

a solution that has greater concentration of sodium than does the cell; the increased osmotic pressure can draw water out of the cell and cause it to collapse

A

hypertonic solution

67
Q

devices that are implanted in surgery, sutured under the skin, for the purpose of long-term medication administration, total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, blood product administration, and venous blood sampling; an arteriovenous fistula is an example

A

implanted vascular access device (VAD)

68
Q

the escape of fluid into the surrounding tissue; the result of vein perforation during IV cannulation

A

infiltration

69
Q

breathing into the lungs; a medication delivery route

A

inhalation

70
Q

the water bathing the cells; accounts for about 10.5 % of body weight; includes special fluid collections such as CSF and intraocular fluid

A

interstitial fluid

71
Q

the water contained inside the cells; accounts for 45% of the body weight

A

intracellular fluid

72
Q

the layer of the dermis, beneath the epidermis; a medication delivery route

A

intradermal

73
Q

into a muscle

A

intramuscular

74
Q

within the nose

A

intranasal

75
Q

within the bone

A

intraosseous

76
Q

a technique of administering fluids, blood and blood products, and medications into the intraosseous space of the long bone, usually the proximal tibia

A

intraosseous (IO) infusion

77
Q

the spongy cancellous bone of the epiphyses and the medullary cavity of the diaphysis, collectively

A

intraosseous (IO) space

78
Q

plasma; the water within the blood vessels, which carries the RBC, WBC, and vital nutrients; counts for 4.5% of body weight

A

intravascular fluid

79
Q

within a vein

A

intravenous

80
Q

cannulation of a vein with an IV catheter to access the patient’s vascular system

A

intravenous (IV) therapy

81
Q

the amount of charged particles found in a particular area

A

ionic concentration

82
Q

charged atoms or compounds that result from the loss or gain of an electron

A

ions

83
Q

intravenous solutions that do not cause a fluid shift into or out of the cell; include normal saline and lactated Ringer’s solutions

A

isotonic crystalloids

84
Q

a solution that has the same concentration of sodium as does the cell. Water does not shift and no change in cell shape occurs

A

isotonic solution

85
Q

a sterile isotonic crystalloid IV solution of specified amounts of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and sodium lactate in water

A

lactated Ringer’s (I.R.) solution

86
Q

reactions that occur in a localized area; a potential complication of IV therapy

A

local reactions

87
Q

administration sets named for the large orifice between the piercing spike and the drip chamber; allow for rapid fluid flow into the vascular system; allow 10 or 15 gtt/mL, depending on the manufacturer

A

macro drip sets

88
Q

a term applied to the practice of preventing contamination of the patient by using aseptic technique

A

medical asepsis

89
Q

pertaining to the breakdown of ingested foodstuffs into smaller and smaller molecules and atoms that are used as energy sources for cellular function

A

metabolic

90
Q

a pressurized canister that delivers a specific dose of medication

A

MDI

91
Q

a decimal system based on tens for the measurement of length, weight, and volume

A

metric system

92
Q

administration sets named for the small needle like orifice between the piercing spike and the drip chamber; allow for carefully controlled fluid flow and are ideally suited for medication administration; allow for 60 gtt/mL

A

micro drip sets

93
Q

unit of measure for electrolytes

A

milliequivalents (mEq)

94
Q

a single vial divided into two compartments by a rubber stopper such as Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol)

A

Mix-o-Vial

95
Q

an ion that contains one charge

A

monovalent

96
Q

a device that attaches to the end of a syringe that is used to spray certain medications via the intranasal route

A

MAD

97
Q

a device for producing a fine spray mist or mist that is used to deliver inhaled medications

A

nebulizer

98
Q

devices that have been inserted by direct venipuncture through the skin directly into a selected vein, for the purpose of long term administration, total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, and venous blood sampling; peripheral inserted central catheters and central venous catheters are examples

A

non-tunneling devices

99
Q

solutes that have no electrical charge; include glucose and urea; measured in milligrams (mg)

A

nonelectrolytes

100
Q

a solution of 0.9% sodium chloride; an isotonic crystalloid

A

normal saline

101
Q

blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel or IV catheter

A

occlusion

102
Q

pertaining to the eye

A

ocular

103
Q

type of medical control where the paramedic is in direct contact with a physician, usually via a two way radio or telephone

A

online medical control

104
Q

the ability to influence the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

A

osmolarity

105
Q

the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower to higher concentration of solute molecules

A

osmosis

106
Q

a congenital bone disease that results in fragile bone

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

107
Q

inflammation of the bone and muscle caused by infection

A

osteomyelitis

108
Q

an increase in the body’s systemic fluid volume

A

overhydration

109
Q

a teflon (plastic) catheter inserted over a hollow needle

A

over the needle catheter

110
Q

a route of medication administration that involves any route other than the GI tract

A

parenteral route

111
Q

a type of surgical drain often used as a constricting band

A

Penrose drain

112
Q

thought the skin or mucous membrane

A

percutaneous

113
Q

cannulating veins of the periphery, that is, those that can be seen and/or palpated.

A

peripheral vein cannulation

114
Q

the cell membrane’s double layer

A

phospholipid bilayer

115
Q

a hard plastic spike designed to pierce the sterile membrane of the IV bag

A

piercing spike

116
Q

symptomatic drop in blood pressure related to the patient’s body position

A

postural hypotension

117
Q

medication syringes that are prepackaged and prepared with a specific concentration

A

prefilled syringes

118
Q

a sleeve that is placed around the IV bag and inflated to force fluid to flow from the IV bag and into the tubing

A

pressure infuser device

119
Q

a blood clot or foreign matter trapped within the pulmonary circulation

A

pulmonary embolism

120
Q

a reaction characterized by an abrupt temperature elevation (as high as 106 degrees) with severe chills, backache, headache, weakness, nausea, and vomiting; a potential complication of IV or IO therapy

A

pyrogenic reaction

121
Q

feature of an IV catheter that allows it to appear on a radiograph

A

radiopaque

122
Q

special types of IV devices that eliminate the need to hang a bag of IV fluid; also called a buff cap or INT (intermittent); commonly used for patients who do not require fluid boluses but may require medication therapy

A

saline locks

123
Q

the ability of the cell membrane to selectively allow compounds into the cell based on cell’s current needs

A

selective permeability

124
Q

glass tubes with self-sealing rubber caps; used to obtain blood samples

A

self-sealing blood tubes

125
Q

any contaminated item that can cause injury

A

sharps

126
Q

the mechanism by which the cell brings in two potassium ions and releases three sodium ions

A

sodium potassium pump

127
Q

the dissolved particles contained in the solvent

A

solute

128
Q

combination of dissolved elements and water

A

solution

129
Q

the fluid that does the dissolving or the solution that contains the dissolved components

A

solvent

130
Q

a form of off-line or indirect medical control, where the paramedic performs certain predefined procedures before contacting the physician

A

standing orders

131
Q

the destruction of all living organisms; achieved by using heat, gas, or chemical

A

sterile

132
Q

into the tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route

A

subcutaneous

133
Q

under the tongue

A

sublingual

134
Q

fainting

A

syncope

135
Q

reactions that affect systems of the body

A

systemic complications

136
Q

the shifting of fluid into the tissues, creating edema

A

third spacing

137
Q

inflammation of a vein

A

thrombophlebitis

138
Q

plastic catheters inserted through a hollow needle; referred to as intracaths

A

through the needle catheters

139
Q

the osmotic pressure of a solution, based on the relationship between sodium and water inside and outside the cell, that takes advantage of their chemical and osmotic properties to move water to areas of higher concentration

A

tonicity

140
Q

total amount of water in the human body; accounts for approx 60% of the weight of an average man; divided into various components

A

total body water (TBW)

141
Q

the visible scars from repeated cannulation of a vein; commonly associated with illicit drug use

A

track marks

142
Q

across the skin

A

transdermal

143
Q

a cylindrical device that attaches to an 18-or 20-guage sampling needle; accommodates self sealing blood tubes when blood samples are being obtained

A

vacutainer

144
Q

veins on the leg that are large, twisted, and ropelike and can cause pain, swelling, or itching

A

varicose veins

145
Q

the development of a stationary blood clot in the venous circulation

A

venous thrombosis

146
Q

small glass or plastic bottles that contain medication; may contain single or multiple doses

A

vials

147
Q

the amount of fluid you have on hand such as the amount of fluid in the IV bag or the amount of fluid in a vial or medication

A

volume on hand

148
Q

a special type of micro drip set that features a 100 or 200 mL calibrated drip chamber; used for fluid regulation in patients prone to circulatory overload, such as pediatric and elderly patients; also called a Buretrol

A

Volutrol

EMT-P (PAR 212-PHARMACOLOGY) (14 decks)

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