CH. 11 MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION Flashcards
Route of Administration:
Intraosseous
Onset of Action?
30-60 s
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
Onset of Action?
30-60 s
Route of Administration:
Endotracheal
Onset of Action?
2-3 min
Route of Administration:
Inhalation
Onset of Action?
2-3 min
Route of Administration:
MAD
Onset of Action?
3-5 min
Route of Administration:
Sublingual
Onset of Action?
3-5 min
Route of Administration:
IM
Onset of Action?
10-20 min
Route of Administration:
SC
Onset of Action?
15-30 min
Route of Administration:
Rectal
Onset of Action?
5-30 min
Route of Administration:
Oral
Onset of Action?
30-90 min
Route of Administration:
Topical
Onset of Action?
minutes to hours
a pathologic condition resulting from the accumulation of bases in the body
alkalosis
small glass containers that are sealed and the contents sterilized
ampules
an ion that contains an overall negative charge
anion
the anterior aspect of the elbow
antecubital
a substance that prevents blood from clotting
anticoagulant
a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that signals the kidneys to prevent excretion of water
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
chemicals used to cleanse an area before performing an invasive procedure, such as starting an IV line; not toxic to living tissues; examples include isopropyl alcohol and iodine
antiseptics
a method of cleansing used to prevent contamination of a site when you are performing an invasive procedure such as starting an IV line
aseptic technique
a staggered walk or gait
ataxia
pertaining to the ear
aural
an ion that contains two charges
bivalent
a special type of macro drip administration set designed to facilitate rapid fluid replacement by manual infusion of multiple IV bags or IV blood replacement combinations
blood tubing
a term used to describe in one mass; in medication administration, a single dose given by the IV or IO route; may be a small or large quantity of the drug
bolus
a spring loaded device used for inserting an IO needle into the proximal tibia and pediatric patients
Bone Injection Gun (BIG)
between the cheek and gums
buccal
a rigid, hollow, venous cannulation device identified by its plastic “wings” that act as anchoring points for securing the catheter
butterfly catheter
the insertion of the catheter, such as into a vein to allow for fluid flow
cannulation
hand or foot spasm; usually the result of hyperventilation or hypocalcemia
carpopedal spasms
occurs when a needle is reinserted into the catheter, and it slices through the catheter, creating a free-floating segment
catheter shear
an ion that contains an overall positive charge
cation
a scale used for measuring temperature where water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees
Celcius scale
solutions that contain molecules that are too large to pass out of the capillary membranes and remain in the vascular compartment
colloid solutions
the total weight of a drug contained in a specific volume of liquid
concentration
the natural tendency for substances to flow from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration within or outside the side
concentration gradient
the puncturing of an emergency care provider’s skin with a needle or catheter that was used on a patient
contaminated stick
solutions of dissolved crystals in water; contain compounds that quickly dissociate in solution
crystalloid solutions
an intravenous solution made up of 5% dextrose in water
D5W
depletion of the body’s systemic fluid volume
dehydration
the rapid movement of electrolytes across a cell membrane that changes the cell’s overall charge. This rapid shifting of electrolytes and cellular charges is the main catalyst for muscle contractions and neural transmissions
depolarization
the amount of a drug that the physician orders for a patient; the drug order
desired dose
the shaft of the long bone
diaphysis
a process where molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
diffusion
a solution used for diluting a medication
diluent
chemicals used on nonliving objects to kill organisms; toxic to living tissue
disinfectants
the area of administration set where fluids accumulates so that the tubing remains filled with fluid
drip chamber
injecting sterile water or saline from one vial into another vial containing a powdered form of the drug
drug reconstitution
charged atoms or compounds that result from the loss or gain of an electron. These are ions that the body uses to perform certain critical metabolic functions
electrolytes
medication administration that involves the medication passing through a portion of the GI tract
enteral medications
the growth plate of the bone; a major site of bone development during childhood
epiphyseal plate
the ends of a long bone
epiphyses
large neck vein that is lateral to the carotid artery
external jugular (EJ) vein
a hand-held, battery-powered driver to which a special IO needle is attached; used for insertion of the IO needle into the proximal tibia of children and adults
EZ-IO
a scale for measuring temperature where water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees
Fahrenheit scale
the fiberlike connective tissue that covers arteries, veins, tendons, and ligaments
fascia
a sternal IO device used in adults; stands for First Access for Shock and Trauma
FASTI
the area of an IV catheter that fills with blood to help indicate when a vein is cannulated
flash chamber
tubes that are commonly inserted into patients in the prehospital setting to decompress the stomach; can also be used to administer certain enteral medications
gastric tubes
the internal diameter of an IV catheter or needle
gauge
a unit of measure that indicates drops
gtt
an accumulation of blood in the tissues beneath the skin; a potential complication of IV therapy
hematoma
the body’s natural clotting mechanism
hemostasis
the balance of all body systems of the body; known as homeostatic balance
homeostasis
a high serum calcium level
hypercalcemia
a high serum potassium level
hyperkalemia
a solution that has greater concentration of sodium than does the cell; the increased osmotic pressure can draw water out of the cell and cause it to collapse
hypertonic solution
devices that are implanted in surgery, sutured under the skin, for the purpose of long-term medication administration, total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, blood product administration, and venous blood sampling; an arteriovenous fistula is an example
implanted vascular access device (VAD)
the escape of fluid into the surrounding tissue; the result of vein perforation during IV cannulation
infiltration
breathing into the lungs; a medication delivery route
inhalation
the water bathing the cells; accounts for about 10.5 % of body weight; includes special fluid collections such as CSF and intraocular fluid
interstitial fluid
the water contained inside the cells; accounts for 45% of the body weight
intracellular fluid
the layer of the dermis, beneath the epidermis; a medication delivery route
intradermal
into a muscle
intramuscular
within the nose
intranasal
within the bone
intraosseous
a technique of administering fluids, blood and blood products, and medications into the intraosseous space of the long bone, usually the proximal tibia
intraosseous (IO) infusion
the spongy cancellous bone of the epiphyses and the medullary cavity of the diaphysis, collectively
intraosseous (IO) space
plasma; the water within the blood vessels, which carries the RBC, WBC, and vital nutrients; counts for 4.5% of body weight
intravascular fluid
within a vein
intravenous
cannulation of a vein with an IV catheter to access the patient’s vascular system
intravenous (IV) therapy
the amount of charged particles found in a particular area
ionic concentration
charged atoms or compounds that result from the loss or gain of an electron
ions
intravenous solutions that do not cause a fluid shift into or out of the cell; include normal saline and lactated Ringer’s solutions
isotonic crystalloids
a solution that has the same concentration of sodium as does the cell. Water does not shift and no change in cell shape occurs
isotonic solution
a sterile isotonic crystalloid IV solution of specified amounts of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and sodium lactate in water
lactated Ringer’s (I.R.) solution
reactions that occur in a localized area; a potential complication of IV therapy
local reactions
administration sets named for the large orifice between the piercing spike and the drip chamber; allow for rapid fluid flow into the vascular system; allow 10 or 15 gtt/mL, depending on the manufacturer
macro drip sets
a term applied to the practice of preventing contamination of the patient by using aseptic technique
medical asepsis
pertaining to the breakdown of ingested foodstuffs into smaller and smaller molecules and atoms that are used as energy sources for cellular function
metabolic
a pressurized canister that delivers a specific dose of medication
MDI
a decimal system based on tens for the measurement of length, weight, and volume
metric system
administration sets named for the small needle like orifice between the piercing spike and the drip chamber; allow for carefully controlled fluid flow and are ideally suited for medication administration; allow for 60 gtt/mL
micro drip sets
unit of measure for electrolytes
milliequivalents (mEq)
a single vial divided into two compartments by a rubber stopper such as Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol)
Mix-o-Vial
an ion that contains one charge
monovalent
a device that attaches to the end of a syringe that is used to spray certain medications via the intranasal route
MAD
a device for producing a fine spray mist or mist that is used to deliver inhaled medications
nebulizer
devices that have been inserted by direct venipuncture through the skin directly into a selected vein, for the purpose of long term administration, total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, and venous blood sampling; peripheral inserted central catheters and central venous catheters are examples
non-tunneling devices
solutes that have no electrical charge; include glucose and urea; measured in milligrams (mg)
nonelectrolytes
a solution of 0.9% sodium chloride; an isotonic crystalloid
normal saline
blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel or IV catheter
occlusion
pertaining to the eye
ocular
type of medical control where the paramedic is in direct contact with a physician, usually via a two way radio or telephone
online medical control
the ability to influence the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
osmolarity
the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower to higher concentration of solute molecules
osmosis
a congenital bone disease that results in fragile bone
osteogenesis imperfecta
inflammation of the bone and muscle caused by infection
osteomyelitis
an increase in the body’s systemic fluid volume
overhydration
a teflon (plastic) catheter inserted over a hollow needle
over the needle catheter
a route of medication administration that involves any route other than the GI tract
parenteral route
a type of surgical drain often used as a constricting band
Penrose drain
thought the skin or mucous membrane
percutaneous
cannulating veins of the periphery, that is, those that can be seen and/or palpated.
peripheral vein cannulation
the cell membrane’s double layer
phospholipid bilayer
a hard plastic spike designed to pierce the sterile membrane of the IV bag
piercing spike
symptomatic drop in blood pressure related to the patient’s body position
postural hypotension
medication syringes that are prepackaged and prepared with a specific concentration
prefilled syringes
a sleeve that is placed around the IV bag and inflated to force fluid to flow from the IV bag and into the tubing
pressure infuser device
a blood clot or foreign matter trapped within the pulmonary circulation
pulmonary embolism
a reaction characterized by an abrupt temperature elevation (as high as 106 degrees) with severe chills, backache, headache, weakness, nausea, and vomiting; a potential complication of IV or IO therapy
pyrogenic reaction
feature of an IV catheter that allows it to appear on a radiograph
radiopaque
special types of IV devices that eliminate the need to hang a bag of IV fluid; also called a buff cap or INT (intermittent); commonly used for patients who do not require fluid boluses but may require medication therapy
saline locks
the ability of the cell membrane to selectively allow compounds into the cell based on cell’s current needs
selective permeability
glass tubes with self-sealing rubber caps; used to obtain blood samples
self-sealing blood tubes
any contaminated item that can cause injury
sharps
the mechanism by which the cell brings in two potassium ions and releases three sodium ions
sodium potassium pump
the dissolved particles contained in the solvent
solute
combination of dissolved elements and water
solution
the fluid that does the dissolving or the solution that contains the dissolved components
solvent
a form of off-line or indirect medical control, where the paramedic performs certain predefined procedures before contacting the physician
standing orders
the destruction of all living organisms; achieved by using heat, gas, or chemical
sterile
into the tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route
subcutaneous
under the tongue
sublingual
fainting
syncope
reactions that affect systems of the body
systemic complications
the shifting of fluid into the tissues, creating edema
third spacing
inflammation of a vein
thrombophlebitis
plastic catheters inserted through a hollow needle; referred to as intracaths
through the needle catheters
the osmotic pressure of a solution, based on the relationship between sodium and water inside and outside the cell, that takes advantage of their chemical and osmotic properties to move water to areas of higher concentration
tonicity
total amount of water in the human body; accounts for approx 60% of the weight of an average man; divided into various components
total body water (TBW)
the visible scars from repeated cannulation of a vein; commonly associated with illicit drug use
track marks
across the skin
transdermal
a cylindrical device that attaches to an 18-or 20-guage sampling needle; accommodates self sealing blood tubes when blood samples are being obtained
vacutainer
veins on the leg that are large, twisted, and ropelike and can cause pain, swelling, or itching
varicose veins
the development of a stationary blood clot in the venous circulation
venous thrombosis
small glass or plastic bottles that contain medication; may contain single or multiple doses
vials
the amount of fluid you have on hand such as the amount of fluid in the IV bag or the amount of fluid in a vial or medication
volume on hand
a special type of micro drip set that features a 100 or 200 mL calibrated drip chamber; used for fluid regulation in patients prone to circulatory overload, such as pediatric and elderly patients; also called a Buretrol
Volutrol
