Ch. 11: Managing Change and Innovation Flashcards
organizational change
the adoption of a new idea or behavior by an org.
disruptive innovation
innovations in products, services or processes that radically change an industry’s game for producers and customers
trickle-up/reverse innovation
creating innovative low-cost products for emerging markets and repackaging them for sale in developed countries
ambidextrous approach
freedom to innovate but standardized approach for implementing innovations
product change
a change in the organization’s product or service outputs
technology change
a change in the organization’s product process
What are 3 critical innovation strategies for changing products and technologies?
- exploration–designing the org. to encourage creativity
- cooperation–facilitate internal and external coordination
- innovation roles–managers to ensure that new ideas are carried forward
bottom-up approach
encouraging the flow of ideas from lower levels
idea incubator
a mechanism that provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the company can be developed without interference
horizontal linkage model
research, manufacturing, and sales & marketing depts. work together to contribute new products
open innovation
extending the search for new ideas beyond the org. (crowdsourcing)
idea champion
a person who sees the need for and champions change within the org.
new-venture team
a unit separate from the rest of the org. that is responsible for developing a major innovation
skunkworks
a separate, small, informal, often secretive group that focuses on breakthrough ideas for a business
new-venture fund
provides resources from which individuals and groups can draw to develop new ideas
organization development (OD)
a planned, systematic process of change that uses behavioral science knowledge and techniques to improve an org.’s health and effectiveness through its ability to adapt to the environment
What are 3 types of current problems organization development can help with?
- mergers & acquisitions
- organizational decline/revitalization
- conflict mgmt.
What are 3 types of organization development activities?
- team building
- survey feedback
- large-group intervention
What are the 4 steps in organization development?
- unfreezing: make the problem known
- change agent: specialist diagnoses the problem
- change
- refreezing
need for change
a disparity between existing and desired performance levels
What are 4 reasons for resistance to change?
- self-interest: fear of personal loss
- lack of understanding and trust
- uncertainty: lack of info about future events
- different assessments and goals
force-field analysis
change as result of the competition between driving and restraining forces
just-in-time inventory
control systems schedule materials to arrive at a company just as they are needed on the production line
What are 5 methods for implementation tactics?
- communication and education
- participation
- negotiation
- coercion
- top mgmt. support
