Ch 11 biology test Flashcards
why do cells divide
to stay efficient
why can’t cells keep growing larger?
they’ll lose surface area to volume ratio
two types of factors that affect cell division
internal regulators- control passing checkpoints, external regulators- proteins that speed up/ slow down growth
what do cyclins do in the cell cycle
production + allow of passing of checkpoints
what are cyclins
proteins
how is division in plant cells different from division in animal cells
plant cells have a cell plate,
animal cells have a cleavage furrow
what is cancer
excessive cell growth/ division
what are some causes of cancer
radiation, smoking, HPV virus, genetics
what are the products of mitosis
2 daughter cells that are exactly the same
what is the purpose of interphase
allows cells to prepare for mitosis
what happens in interphase
G1- cell grows
S- cell replicate
G2- cell makes organelles + organizes
what controls the checkpoints of a cell
cyclins- proteins inside of the cell
also regulated by cells coming in contact with other cells
what are the four stages of mitosis
Prophase- chromosomes shorten and thicken.
Metaphase- Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
Anaphase- Chromatids break apart at the centromere and move to opposite poles.
Telophase- reform seperated nuclei, get rid of spindles
Cytokenisis - divide cytoplasm and split into 2 cells
what are some ways that cancer is treated
radiation, chemotherapy, tumor removal
what are stem cells?
undifferentiated cells that become any type of cell.
