biology chapt 2 test

Question 1

Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template.

Answer 1

Transcription

Question 2

A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein that determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring.

Answer 2

Genes

Question 3

The process by which the sequence of bases of an mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein.

Answer 3

Translation

Question 4

A 3 base sequence of tRNA matched to the mRNA; it carries amino acids to ribosome and determines the type of amino acid that bonds with tRNA

Answer 4

Anticodon

Question 5

A group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protein.

Answer 5

Codon

Question 6

These codons code for how many amino acids: GGG UAU AAA

Answer 6

Three amino acids GGG UAU AAA Glycine Tyrosine Lysine

Question 7

A change in the genetic material of a cell.

Answer 7

Mutation

Question 8

Two types of mutations:

Answer 8

Chromosomal mutations/ Gene mutations.

Question 9

Chromosomal mutations:

Answer 9

produce changes in whole chromosomes.

Question 10

Gene mutations:

Answer 10

produce changes in a single gene.

Question 11

Deletion (chromosomal mutation):

Answer 11

has to do with the loss of all or part of a chromosome.

Question 12

Duplication (chromosomal mutation):

Answer 12

makes an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome.

Question 13

Inversion (chromosomal mutation):

Answer 13

reverses direction of the parts of a chromosome

Question 14

Translocation (chromosomal mutation):

Answer 14

happens when part of 1 chromosome breaks off and attaches to another

Question 15

Substitutions (gene mutation):

Answer 15

1 base is changed to different base

Question 16

Insertions (gene mutation):

Answer 16

1 base is added

Question 17

Deletions (gene mutation):

Answer 17

1 base is removed

Question 18

What determines the order or amino acids?

Answer 18

order of nitrogenous bases in DNA.

Question 19

This contains the sugar ribose and the nucleotide uracil

Answer 19

RNA

Question 20

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 20

Transfer RNA (tRNA), Messenger RNA (mRNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Question 21

What is the correct sequence of the transfer of information?

Answer 21

DNA–> RNA–> protein

Question 22

What holds nitrogenous bases together?

Answer 22

hydrogen bonds

Question 23

What is the enzyme that adds RNA nucleotides to existing DNA template during transcription.

Answer 23

RNA polymerase

Question 24

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 24

nucleus

Question 25

Where does translation take place?

Answer 25

ribosome

Question 26

True of False: Most mutations have no effect on an organism.

Answer 26

True!

Question 27

What is the complimentary base sequence of this DNA strand: TTAACCG

Answer 27

AATTGGC

Question 28

Transcribe this DNA strand into mRNA codons: AATCCGC

Answer 28

UUAGGCG