biology chapt 2 test Flashcards
Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template.
Transcription
A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein that determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring.
Genes
The process by which the sequence of bases of an mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein.
Translation
A 3 base sequence of tRNA matched to the mRNA; it carries amino acids to ribosome and determines the type of amino acid that bonds with tRNA
Anticodon
A group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protein.
Codon
These codons code for how many amino acids: GGG UAU AAA
Three amino acids GGG UAU AAA Glycine Tyrosine Lysine
A change in the genetic material of a cell.
Mutation
Two types of mutations:
Chromosomal mutations/ Gene mutations.
Chromosomal mutations:
produce changes in whole chromosomes.
Gene mutations:
produce changes in a single gene.
Deletion (chromosomal mutation):
has to do with the loss of all or part of a chromosome.
Duplication (chromosomal mutation):
makes an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome.
Inversion (chromosomal mutation):
reverses direction of the parts of a chromosome
Translocation (chromosomal mutation):
happens when part of 1 chromosome breaks off and attaches to another
Substitutions (gene mutation):
1 base is changed to different base
Insertions (gene mutation):
1 base is added
Deletions (gene mutation):
1 base is removed
What determines the order or amino acids?
order of nitrogenous bases in DNA.
This contains the sugar ribose and the nucleotide uracil
RNA
What are the three types of RNA?
Transfer RNA (tRNA), Messenger RNA (mRNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
What is the correct sequence of the transfer of information?
DNA–> RNA–> protein
What holds nitrogenous bases together?
hydrogen bonds
What is the enzyme that adds RNA nucleotides to existing DNA template during transcription.
RNA polymerase
Where does transcription take place?
nucleus
