Ch 11 Flashcards
what uniquely identifies a record in a database table
primary key
what retrieves specific date from one or more tables to answer a question
queries
which is used to create databases that have more complicated types of data, such as images, audio, and video
object oriented databases
which is the process of discovering relationships between data items
data mining
what is a decentralized electronic database of digital currency transactions
blockchain
a DBMS uses what to create a query
SQL- structured query language
collectively, applications that are used to analyze data in info systems, so it can be used to make decisions, are called
business intelligence tools (BI)
what is the branch of science concerned with making computers behave like humans
artificial intelligence AI
what is a part of an expert system that contains expert info and accumulated experience in a particular field
knowledge base
a ____ layers datasets that may include maps, imagery, and tablesq
GIS - geographical info system
what are the 8 primary levels of the National Map
1) aerial photos
2) elevation
3) geographic names
4) hydrography
5) boundaries
6) transportation
7) structures
8) land cover
what is layers or datasets of geographically referenced info about Earth’s surgace
GIS - geographically info system
in a GIS each layer holds
data about a particular kind of feature
identify 3-4 goals of the Human Genome Project
identify all the 20,000- 25,000 genes in human DNA
determine the sequences of 3 billion chemical base pairs that compose human DNA
store this info in databases
improves tools for data analysis
transfers related technologies to the private sector
address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project
the Human Genome Project HGP ran from
1990 to 2003
who coordinated the Human Genome Project HGP
the U.S department of Energy and the National Insitutes of Health
what is the application of info technology to the field of biology
bioinformatics
what searches across multiple local, state, and national DNA profile databases
CODIS - combined DNA index system
true or false: next generation identification is not automated
false
what is a national fingerprint and criminal history system maintained by the FBI and used by local, state, and federal law enforcment
integrated automated fingerprint indentification system IAFIS
what is the largest biometric database in the world
integrated automated fingerprint identification system (IAFIS)
as of September 2014, the IAFIS has been replaced with what
the next generation identification NGI
what is a vehicle that does not rely on human intervention at all
autonomous cars
cognitive computing gets better over time because
it learns from its interactions
cognitive computing doesn’t have all the info in a knowledge base but can
analyze outside data, both structured and unstructured
what is a comp programmed to make decisions in real- life situations
expert system
what simulates the judgement and behavior of a human expert and consists of 2 parts
expert system
expert systems consists of what 2 parts
knowledge base and inference engine
what contains expert knowledge and accumulated experience in a particular field
knowledge base
what is a set of rules for applying the knowledge base to each particular situation
inference engine
what is the branch of science concerned with making comps behave like humans
artificial intelligence
what analyzes the links customers click as they visit a website and can help predict sales
click stream data mining
what is a term that means the collection of large amounts of data from multiple sources- both internal and external thats used for ongoing analysis and decision making
big data
big data is too large to use
DMBs
what applications that are used to analyze data in info systems to help make decisions
business intelligence tools
what are some examples of business intelligence tools
data mining, data warehousing, DLAP, decision support systems
what is designed to help make decisions in situations where there is uncertainty about the possible outcomes of those decisions
decision support systems
what provides info on daily operations and takes data from the transaction processing systems then puts the data into reports and simulations
management info system MIS
what is a decentralized electronic database or distributed ledger of digital currency transactions
blockchain
once recorded a block chain cannot be
deleted or changed
each block in a block chains has a unique
hash
what converts the data into an encrypted output of a fixed length
hash
durability refers to
once transactions are done, they cant be undone
isolation refers to
each transaction must occur seperately and must be independent
consistency refers to
being consistent with its own operating rules
atomicity refers to
a transaction will either happen fully or not
what links multiple operations together and ensures that all operations in a transaction are completed without error
transaction processing system TPS
what includes software and hardware that improve the productivity of employees by automating common tasks
office support systems
office support systems requires a network
for electronic communication and storage
what is people, hardware, and software that support data intensive applications
info system
what are some examples of relational keywords
SELECT
FROM
WHERE
AND
what reduces data entry errors by using validation rules, such as data type, data length, acceptable values, and required values
data validation
what reduces the size of a database makes it easier to keep records up to date, and increases query speed
data normalization
what defines the kind of data that you can enter in a field
data type
what defines all the fields and the type of data each field will contain
data dictionary
what software is used to create and manage data in a database
database management system DBMS
what is a central repository for all the data that an enterprise uses, including internal databases and external sources
data warehouses
what discovers relationships between data items
data mining
what enables a use to selectively extract and view data from different points of view
online analytical processing OLAP
OLAP can also be used for
data mining
what is optimized for storing and utilizing data
multidimensional database MDB
what consists of both the data that describes the object and the processes that can be applied to it
object
where is data stored as objects, which are used by modern programming languages
object- oriented databases (OODB)
what breaks up the many to many relationships into one to many relationships
bridge table
what is multiple records from a table can link to multiple records in another table
many to many relationships
what is a record in one table is linked to a single record in another table
one to one relationships
in one to one relationships the two tables are linked by the same
primary key
what is the least common relationship database
one to one relationship
what is the most common relationship database
one to many relationship
what consists of multiple tables that are related by common info and reduces data redundancy
relational database
what is the simplest database
flat
what consists of a single list of items database
flat
what displays data from a table or a query in a format that is easy to read and print
report
what retrieves specific data from 1 or more tables
query
what makes it easier to look at specific info on the screen
forms
what is the special field in a record that uniquely identifies the record in the table
primary key
each row in a table is called
a record
a record contains the
info for a single entity
each column in a table is
field
what is a single peice of info in a record within a database
field
what is a database object in which data is stored, arranged in rows and columns
table
what is a collection of info that is organized in a useful way
database
