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Comp > Ch 11 > Flashcards

Ch 11 Flashcards

1
Q

what uniquely identifies a record in a database table

A

primary key

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2
Q

what retrieves specific date from one or more tables to answer a question

A

queries

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3
Q

which is used to create databases that have more complicated types of data, such as images, audio, and video

A

object oriented databases

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4
Q

which is the process of discovering relationships between data items

A

data mining

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5
Q

what is a decentralized electronic database of digital currency transactions

A

blockchain

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6
Q

a DBMS uses what to create a query

A

SQL- structured query language

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7
Q

collectively, applications that are used to analyze data in info systems, so it can be used to make decisions, are called

A

business intelligence tools (BI)

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8
Q

what is the branch of science concerned with making computers behave like humans

A

artificial intelligence AI

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9
Q

what is a part of an expert system that contains expert info and accumulated experience in a particular field

A

knowledge base

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10
Q

a ____ layers datasets that may include maps, imagery, and tablesq

A

GIS - geographical info system

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11
Q

what are the 8 primary levels of the National Map

A

1) aerial photos
2) elevation
3) geographic names
4) hydrography
5) boundaries
6) transportation
7) structures
8) land cover

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12
Q

what is layers or datasets of geographically referenced info about Earth’s surgace

A

GIS - geographically info system

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13
Q

in a GIS each layer holds

A

data about a particular kind of feature

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14
Q

identify 3-4 goals of the Human Genome Project

A

identify all the 20,000- 25,000 genes in human DNA
determine the sequences of 3 billion chemical base pairs that compose human DNA
store this info in databases
improves tools for data analysis
transfers related technologies to the private sector
address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project

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15
Q

the Human Genome Project HGP ran from

A

1990 to 2003

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16
Q

who coordinated the Human Genome Project HGP

A

the U.S department of Energy and the National Insitutes of Health

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17
Q

what is the application of info technology to the field of biology

A

bioinformatics

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18
Q

what searches across multiple local, state, and national DNA profile databases

A

CODIS - combined DNA index system

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19
Q

true or false: next generation identification is not automated

A

false

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20
Q

what is a national fingerprint and criminal history system maintained by the FBI and used by local, state, and federal law enforcment

A

integrated automated fingerprint indentification system IAFIS

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21
Q

what is the largest biometric database in the world

A

integrated automated fingerprint identification system (IAFIS)

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22
Q

as of September 2014, the IAFIS has been replaced with what

A

the next generation identification NGI

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23
Q

what is a vehicle that does not rely on human intervention at all

A

autonomous cars

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24
Q

cognitive computing gets better over time because

A

it learns from its interactions

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25
Q

cognitive computing doesn’t have all the info in a knowledge base but can

A

analyze outside data, both structured and unstructured

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26
Q

what is a comp programmed to make decisions in real- life situations

A

expert system

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27
Q

what simulates the judgement and behavior of a human expert and consists of 2 parts

A

expert system

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28
Q

expert systems consists of what 2 parts

A

knowledge base and inference engine

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29
Q

what contains expert knowledge and accumulated experience in a particular field

A

knowledge base

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30
Q

what is a set of rules for applying the knowledge base to each particular situation

A

inference engine

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31
Q

what is the branch of science concerned with making comps behave like humans

A

artificial intelligence

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32
Q

what analyzes the links customers click as they visit a website and can help predict sales

A

click stream data mining

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33
Q

what is a term that means the collection of large amounts of data from multiple sources- both internal and external thats used for ongoing analysis and decision making

A

big data

34
Q

big data is too large to use

A

DMBs

35
Q

what applications that are used to analyze data in info systems to help make decisions

A

business intelligence tools

36
Q

what are some examples of business intelligence tools

A

data mining, data warehousing, DLAP, decision support systems

37
Q

what is designed to help make decisions in situations where there is uncertainty about the possible outcomes of those decisions

A

decision support systems

38
Q

what provides info on daily operations and takes data from the transaction processing systems then puts the data into reports and simulations

A

management info system MIS

39
Q

what is a decentralized electronic database or distributed ledger of digital currency transactions

A

blockchain

40
Q

once recorded a block chain cannot be

A

deleted or changed

41
Q

each block in a block chains has a unique

A

hash

42
Q

what converts the data into an encrypted output of a fixed length

A

hash

43
Q

durability refers to

A

once transactions are done, they cant be undone

44
Q

isolation refers to

A

each transaction must occur seperately and must be independent

45
Q

consistency refers to

A

being consistent with its own operating rules

46
Q

atomicity refers to

A

a transaction will either happen fully or not

47
Q

what links multiple operations together and ensures that all operations in a transaction are completed without error

A

transaction processing system TPS

48
Q

what includes software and hardware that improve the productivity of employees by automating common tasks

A

office support systems

49
Q

office support systems requires a network

A

for electronic communication and storage

50
Q

what is people, hardware, and software that support data intensive applications

A

info system

51
Q

what are some examples of relational keywords

A

SELECT
FROM
WHERE
AND

52
Q

what reduces data entry errors by using validation rules, such as data type, data length, acceptable values, and required values

A

data validation

53
Q

what reduces the size of a database makes it easier to keep records up to date, and increases query speed

A

data normalization

54
Q

what defines the kind of data that you can enter in a field

A

data type

55
Q

what defines all the fields and the type of data each field will contain

A

data dictionary

56
Q

what software is used to create and manage data in a database

A

database management system DBMS

57
Q

what is a central repository for all the data that an enterprise uses, including internal databases and external sources

A

data warehouses

58
Q

what discovers relationships between data items

A

data mining

59
Q

what enables a use to selectively extract and view data from different points of view

A

online analytical processing OLAP

60
Q

OLAP can also be used for

A

data mining

61
Q

what is optimized for storing and utilizing data

A

multidimensional database MDB

62
Q

what consists of both the data that describes the object and the processes that can be applied to it

A

object

63
Q

where is data stored as objects, which are used by modern programming languages

A

object- oriented databases (OODB)

64
Q

what breaks up the many to many relationships into one to many relationships

A

bridge table

65
Q

what is multiple records from a table can link to multiple records in another table

A

many to many relationships

66
Q

what is a record in one table is linked to a single record in another table

A

one to one relationships

67
Q

in one to one relationships the two tables are linked by the same

A

primary key

68
Q

what is the least common relationship database

A

one to one relationship

69
Q

what is the most common relationship database

A

one to many relationship

70
Q

what consists of multiple tables that are related by common info and reduces data redundancy

A

relational database

71
Q

what is the simplest database

A

flat

72
Q

what consists of a single list of items database

A

flat

73
Q

what displays data from a table or a query in a format that is easy to read and print

A

report

74
Q

what retrieves specific data from 1 or more tables

A

query

75
Q

what makes it easier to look at specific info on the screen

A

forms

76
Q

what is the special field in a record that uniquely identifies the record in the table

A

primary key

77
Q

each row in a table is called

A

a record

78
Q

a record contains the

A

info for a single entity

79
Q

each column in a table is

A

field

80
Q

what is a single peice of info in a record within a database

A

field

81
Q

what is a database object in which data is stored, arranged in rows and columns

A

table

82
Q

what is a collection of info that is organized in a useful way

A

database

Comp (12 decks)

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