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Comp > Ch 4 hardware > Flashcards

Ch 4 hardware Flashcards

1
Q

what is the CPU and where is it housed

A

central processing unit (the brain) and is on the motherboard

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2
Q

what are the 2 parts of the CPU

A

the arithmetic logic unit ALU
the control unit

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3
Q

the arithmetic logic unit performs

A

arithmetic and logic calculations
AND OR NOT

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4
Q

the control unit manages the

A

movement of data thought the CPU

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5
Q

together what are the 3 main functions they perform

A

performing calculations ALU
executing program instructions BOTH
making decisions CU

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6
Q

what does CPU utilize to process commands

A

instruction cycle or machine cycle

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7
Q

what is the order of the instruction cycle

A

fetch
decode
execute
store

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8
Q

when an instruction is retrieved for the main memory it is

A

fetching

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9
Q

when the control unit translates the instruction into a comp command it is

A

decoding

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10
Q

what process the execute command

A

ALU

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11
Q

when the results are written back to memory they are

A

storing

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12
Q

what is the speed at which the processor executes the cycle

A

clock speed

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13
Q

gigahertz is how many cycles per second

A

billons

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14
Q

clock speed is measured in

A

gigahertz

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15
Q

modern supercomps speeds are measured in

A

FLOPS - floating point operations per second

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16
Q

the fastest supercomps are measured in

A

petaflops

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17
Q

multicore processors consists of how many processors

A

2 or more

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18
Q

multicore processors are integrated on how many chips

A

1

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19
Q

what is the main difference between multicore processors and single corre

A

faster processing speed
reduced energy consumpution

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20
Q

what is a GPU

A

graphics processing unit like a video card

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21
Q

what reduces the processing required of the systems CPU for graphics intensive processes

A

GPU

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22
Q

what is an anonymous, digital, and encrypted currency

A

bitcoin

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23
Q

what distributes processing across multiple processors

A

parallel processing

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24
Q

what enables a single CPU to appear as 2 logical processors

A

hyper threading

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25
Q

what is the method used by a single processor to improve performance

A

pipelining

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26
Q

what is installed above the processor to dissipate heat

A

heat sink

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27
Q

what is the case that encloses and protects a comps internal components

A

system unit

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28
Q

are peripheral devices external or integrated

A

both

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29
Q

what are components that serve the input, output, and storage functions

A

peripheral devices

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30
Q

what provides a drive interface, which connects disk drives to the processor

A

drive controller

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31
Q

where is the drive controller located

A

the motherboard

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32
Q

what is the standard internal drive interface

A

SATA - serial advanced technology attachment

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33
Q

what did SATA replace

A

EIDE - enhanced integrated drive electronics

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34
Q

where does expansion cards or adapter cards plug in at

A

directly into expansion slots on the motherboard

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35
Q

what enables you to connect additional peripheral devices to a comp

A

expansion cards or adapter cards

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36
Q

what flows information between the components of a comp over wires on the motherboards

A

data buses

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37
Q

what are hot swappable and can be plugged in and unplugged without turning comp off

A

USB - universal serial bus

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38
Q

which is a legacy port that was released by apple in 1995

A

FireWire or IEEE1394

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39
Q

how many devices can firewire connect per port

A

63

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40
Q

FireWire is primarily used to connect

A

digital video cameras

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41
Q

what carries both PCIe and video signals on the same cable

A

thunderbolt

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42
Q

how many devices can thunderbolt connect up to

A

6

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43
Q

what is a temp storage used by the comp to hold instructions and data

A

memory

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44
Q

volatile memory requires

A

power

45
Q

which memory has any info left in memory is lost when the power is turned off

A

volatile memory

46
Q

nonvolatile memory does not need

A

power to keep its data

47
Q

what is a program stored on a chip on the motherboard that is used to start up the comp

A

BIOS - basic input output system

48
Q

when BIOS test and intializes the hardware and begins to load the OS it is called

A

booting

49
Q

is ROM (Read only memory) volatile or nonvolatile

A

nonvolatile memory

50
Q

is CMOS (complementary metal oxide semi conductor) volatile or nonvolatile

A

volatile memory

51
Q

what uses a small battery to provide it with power to keep the data in memory even when the comp is turned off

A

CMOS

52
Q

what is a specification that defines how software and hardware interact in a system and used to boot and configure a comp

A

UEFI- Unified extensible firmware interface

53
Q

Is RAM (random access memory) volatile or nonvolatile

A

volatile

54
Q

what is the OS, programs, and data a comp is currently using

A

RAM

55
Q

what memory stores frequently accessed info close to the processor

A

cache memory

56
Q

what are examples of optical discs

A

CDs, DVDs, and Bluray

57
Q

what is the oldest optical discs

A

CDs - compatible discs

58
Q

is flash memory volatile or nonvolatile

A

nonvolatile

59
Q

what can be electrically erased and programmed and is non mechanical

A

flash memory

60
Q

what drive is used primarily where speed and durability are necessary

A

SSD - solid state drive

61
Q

flash drives can hold up how many TB

A

1

62
Q

what is a storage medium that uses flash memory to store data

A

memory cards

63
Q

what is the primary mass storage device in most comps

A

hard drive

64
Q

is hard drive volatile or non volatile

A

nonvolatile

65
Q

what is used to enter data in a comp system

A

input device

66
Q

who developed the QWERTY format

A

Christopher sholes in 1873

67
Q

what is the primary input device

A

keyboard

68
Q

why was the QWERTY format developed

A

to reduce the number of key jams on a mechanical typewriter

69
Q

what contains a tiny antenna for receiving and sending a radio frequency signal

A

RFID - radio frequency identification tag

70
Q

RFID is used for what

A

inventory tracking, electronic toll collection, and passports

71
Q

what is a technology that enables devices to share data with each other by touching them together or bringing them within a few cm of each other

A

NFC - near field communication

72
Q

what measures human characteristics such as fingerprints, and eye retinas

A

biometric scanners

73
Q

what are the 3 colors pixel contain

A

red, green, blue

74
Q

what indicates the # of horizontal pixels by vertical pixels

A

resolution

75
Q

higher pixels equals

A

sharper images

76
Q

what uses a cathode ray tube to excite phosphor particles coating the glass tv screen to light up the pixels

A

CRT monitors

77
Q

what is legacy technology

A

old technology used alongside its more modern replacement

78
Q

what has 2 layers of glass glued together with a layer of liquid crystals between them and do not give any light

A

LCD- liquid crystal display

79
Q

which display is very thin and dependable

A

OLED - organic light emitting diode

80
Q

what uses 100s of tiny swiveling mirrors that create an image

A

DLP - digital light processing projectors

81
Q

DLPs produces what color deeper

A

blacks

82
Q

what passes light through a prism that divides the light into 3 beams of red, green, and blue and then passes through an LCD screen

A

LCD projectors

83
Q

what is a legacy analog standard used by CRT monitors and projectors

A

VGA - video graphics array

84
Q

what was released in 199 to replace VGA

A

DVI - digital visual interface

85
Q

what is a digital port that can transmit both audio and video signals

A

HDMI - high def multimedia interface

86
Q

what is a digital video interface designed to replace DVI and VGA

A

display port

87
Q

what provides audio connections for both input and output devices

A

sound card

88
Q

how do inkjet printers work

A

by spraying droplets of ink onto paper

89
Q

how does dye- sublimination printers work

A

uses heat to turn solid dye into a gas transferred to special paper

90
Q

how does thermal printers work

A

by creating an image by heating a heat sensitive paper which changes color where the heat is applied

91
Q

how does laser printers work

A

uses a laser beam to draw an image on a drum

92
Q

how do plotters work

A

use 1 or more pens to draw an image on a roll of paper

93
Q

what are all in 1 printer called

A

multifunction devices

94
Q

what connects a comp to a telephone line and is used for dial up internet acess

A

modem

95
Q

what is short for modulator- demodulator

A

modem

96
Q

modems modulate

A

digital data into an analog signals that can be transmitted over a phone line

97
Q

what connects to the cable system instead of a telephone line

A

cable modem

98
Q

what is used to provide broadband services, connect to special digital phone lines

A

DSL - digital suscriber line

99
Q

what is the part of the processor that manages the movement of data through the CPU

A

control unit

100
Q

what is a processor found on a video card

A

GPU - graphics processing unit

101
Q

what is a wire on a motherboard over which info flows

A

data bus

102
Q

which is a volatile form of memory that holds the OS, programs, and data the comp is currently using

A

RAM

103
Q

data is stored on what by using a laser to either melt the disc material or change the color of embedded dye

A

optical discs

104
Q

what is an input device typically found on a notebook comp instead of a mouse

A

touchpad

105
Q

what measures human characterisitics such as fingerprints and eye retinas

A

biometric scanners

106
Q

which type of monitor is composed of extremely thin panels of organic molecules sandwiched between two electrodes

A

OLED

107
Q

which type of printer produces the highest quality photos

A

inkjet

108
Q

what is used to connect a comp to a telephone line for dial up internet access

A

modems

Comp (9 decks)

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