Ch 4 hardware Flashcards
what is the CPU and where is it housed
central processing unit (the brain) and is on the motherboard
what are the 2 parts of the CPU
the arithmetic logic unit ALU
the control unit
the arithmetic logic unit performs
arithmetic and logic calculations
AND OR NOT
the control unit manages the
movement of data thought the CPU
together what are the 3 main functions they perform
performing calculations ALU
executing program instructions BOTH
making decisions CU
what does CPU utilize to process commands
instruction cycle or machine cycle
what is the order of the instruction cycle
fetch
decode
execute
store
when an instruction is retrieved for the main memory it is
fetching
when the control unit translates the instruction into a comp command it is
decoding
what process the execute command
ALU
when the results are written back to memory they are
storing
what is the speed at which the processor executes the cycle
clock speed
gigahertz is how many cycles per second
billons
clock speed is measured in
gigahertz
modern supercomps speeds are measured in
FLOPS - floating point operations per second
the fastest supercomps are measured in
petaflops
multicore processors consists of how many processors
2 or more
multicore processors are integrated on how many chips
1
what is the main difference between multicore processors and single corre
faster processing speed
reduced energy consumpution
what is a GPU
graphics processing unit like a video card
what reduces the processing required of the systems CPU for graphics intensive processes
GPU
what is an anonymous, digital, and encrypted currency
bitcoin
what distributes processing across multiple processors
parallel processing
what enables a single CPU to appear as 2 logical processors
hyper threading
what is the method used by a single processor to improve performance
pipelining
what is installed above the processor to dissipate heat
heat sink
what is the case that encloses and protects a comps internal components
system unit
are peripheral devices external or integrated
both
what are components that serve the input, output, and storage functions
peripheral devices
what provides a drive interface, which connects disk drives to the processor
drive controller
where is the drive controller located
the motherboard
what is the standard internal drive interface
SATA - serial advanced technology attachment
what did SATA replace
EIDE - enhanced integrated drive electronics
where does expansion cards or adapter cards plug in at
directly into expansion slots on the motherboard
what enables you to connect additional peripheral devices to a comp
expansion cards or adapter cards
what flows information between the components of a comp over wires on the motherboards
data buses
what are hot swappable and can be plugged in and unplugged without turning comp off
USB - universal serial bus
which is a legacy port that was released by apple in 1995
FireWire or IEEE1394
how many devices can firewire connect per port
63
FireWire is primarily used to connect
digital video cameras
what carries both PCIe and video signals on the same cable
thunderbolt
how many devices can thunderbolt connect up to
6
what is a temp storage used by the comp to hold instructions and data
memory
volatile memory requires
power
which memory has any info left in memory is lost when the power is turned off
volatile memory
nonvolatile memory does not need
power to keep its data
what is a program stored on a chip on the motherboard that is used to start up the comp
BIOS - basic input output system
when BIOS test and intializes the hardware and begins to load the OS it is called
booting
is ROM (Read only memory) volatile or nonvolatile
nonvolatile memory
is CMOS (complementary metal oxide semi conductor) volatile or nonvolatile
volatile memory
what uses a small battery to provide it with power to keep the data in memory even when the comp is turned off
CMOS
what is a specification that defines how software and hardware interact in a system and used to boot and configure a comp
UEFI- Unified extensible firmware interface
Is RAM (random access memory) volatile or nonvolatile
volatile
what is the OS, programs, and data a comp is currently using
RAM
what memory stores frequently accessed info close to the processor
cache memory
what are examples of optical discs
CDs, DVDs, and Bluray
what is the oldest optical discs
CDs - compatible discs
is flash memory volatile or nonvolatile
nonvolatile
what can be electrically erased and programmed and is non mechanical
flash memory
what drive is used primarily where speed and durability are necessary
SSD - solid state drive
flash drives can hold up how many TB
1
what is a storage medium that uses flash memory to store data
memory cards
what is the primary mass storage device in most comps
hard drive
is hard drive volatile or non volatile
nonvolatile
what is used to enter data in a comp system
input device
who developed the QWERTY format
Christopher sholes in 1873
what is the primary input device
keyboard
why was the QWERTY format developed
to reduce the number of key jams on a mechanical typewriter
what contains a tiny antenna for receiving and sending a radio frequency signal
RFID - radio frequency identification tag
RFID is used for what
inventory tracking, electronic toll collection, and passports
what is a technology that enables devices to share data with each other by touching them together or bringing them within a few cm of each other
NFC - near field communication
what measures human characteristics such as fingerprints, and eye retinas
biometric scanners
what are the 3 colors pixel contain
red, green, blue
what indicates the # of horizontal pixels by vertical pixels
resolution
higher pixels equals
sharper images
what uses a cathode ray tube to excite phosphor particles coating the glass tv screen to light up the pixels
CRT monitors
what is legacy technology
old technology used alongside its more modern replacement
what has 2 layers of glass glued together with a layer of liquid crystals between them and do not give any light
LCD- liquid crystal display
which display is very thin and dependable
OLED - organic light emitting diode
what uses 100s of tiny swiveling mirrors that create an image
DLP - digital light processing projectors
DLPs produces what color deeper
blacks
what passes light through a prism that divides the light into 3 beams of red, green, and blue and then passes through an LCD screen
LCD projectors
what is a legacy analog standard used by CRT monitors and projectors
VGA - video graphics array
what was released in 199 to replace VGA
DVI - digital visual interface
what is a digital port that can transmit both audio and video signals
HDMI - high def multimedia interface
what is a digital video interface designed to replace DVI and VGA
display port
what provides audio connections for both input and output devices
sound card
how do inkjet printers work
by spraying droplets of ink onto paper
how does dye- sublimination printers work
uses heat to turn solid dye into a gas transferred to special paper
how does thermal printers work
by creating an image by heating a heat sensitive paper which changes color where the heat is applied
how does laser printers work
uses a laser beam to draw an image on a drum
how do plotters work
use 1 or more pens to draw an image on a roll of paper
what are all in 1 printer called
multifunction devices
what connects a comp to a telephone line and is used for dial up internet acess
modem
what is short for modulator- demodulator
modem
modems modulate
digital data into an analog signals that can be transmitted over a phone line
what connects to the cable system instead of a telephone line
cable modem
what is used to provide broadband services, connect to special digital phone lines
DSL - digital suscriber line
what is the part of the processor that manages the movement of data through the CPU
control unit
what is a processor found on a video card
GPU - graphics processing unit
what is a wire on a motherboard over which info flows
data bus
which is a volatile form of memory that holds the OS, programs, and data the comp is currently using
RAM
data is stored on what by using a laser to either melt the disc material or change the color of embedded dye
optical discs
what is an input device typically found on a notebook comp instead of a mouse
touchpad
what measures human characterisitics such as fingerprints and eye retinas
biometric scanners
which type of monitor is composed of extremely thin panels of organic molecules sandwiched between two electrodes
OLED
which type of printer produces the highest quality photos
inkjet
what is used to connect a comp to a telephone line for dial up internet access
modems
