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Comp > Ch 1 what does a comp do? > Flashcards

Ch 1 what does a comp do? Flashcards

1
Q

what are comps?

A

a programmable machine that converts raw data into useful info

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2
Q

what is raw data?

A

includes numbers, words, pictures, or people, events, things or ideas

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3
Q

comps have what ability?

A

the ability to change its programming

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4
Q

who designed the analytical engine?

A

mathematician Charles Babbage

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5
Q

what is used to program the analytical engine

A

punch cards

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6
Q

what are punch cards?

A

stiff pieces of paper that convey info by the presence of absence of holes

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7
Q

who developed punch cards?

A

Joseph Marie Jacquard

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8
Q

who was the 1st comp programmer?

A

mathematician ada lovelace

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9
Q

the ada comp language was named after____ in _____

A

ada lovelace
1979

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10
Q

who invented the turing test and when?

A

mathematician alan turing in 1950

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11
Q

what does the turing test do?

A

tests a machines ability to display intelligent behavior

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12
Q

turing machines could perform what type of computations

A

mathematical

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13
Q

who is the father of AI

A

Alan turing

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14
Q

AI is the branch of

A

science concerned with making comps behave like humans

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15
Q

comps convert data into info through the

A

info processing cycle

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16
Q

what are the 4 steps of the info processing cycle

A

input
output
storage
processing

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17
Q

what is the program that windows include for screenshotting your desktop

A

snipping tool

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18
Q

what is the program included in macs for screen shotting your desktop

A

grab tool

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19
Q

what 4 types of snips can a windows capture

A

form
rectangular
window
full screen

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20
Q

what 3 types of grabs can a Mac capture

A

selection
window
screen

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21
Q

name at least 2 descriptions for 1st gen comps

A

massive in size
used vacuum tubes
used manual switches to process data

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22
Q

list 2 descriptions of vacuum tubes

A

resemble light bulbs
gives off a lot of heat
are unreliable

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23
Q

what does ENIAC stand for

A

electronic numerical integrator and comp

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24
Q

6 ENIACs were built at what university and when

A

university of Pennsylvania
1943-1946

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25
Q

what was the 1st working digital and general purpose comp

A

ENIAC

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26
Q

list 2 descriptions of the ENIAC

A

used 18,000 vacuum tubes
weighed 30 tons
occupied 1,800 sq ft
originally created to calculate artillery firing tables
wasn’t completed until after the war ended
was reprogrammed to solve a range of other problems

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27
Q

how do you program an ENIAC

A

by manipulating switches

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28
Q

how long does it take to program an ENIAC

A

several days

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29
Q

what is an IBM automatic sequence controlled calculator

A

Harvard mark 1

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30
Q

what was the general purpose of the Harvard mark 1

A

digital calculator used by the UPS Navy toward the end of WW2

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31
Q

how long and tall was the harvard mark 1

A

51 ft long
8 ft tall

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32
Q

what are 2 important 1st gen comps

A

z1
z3
colossus machines
atanascoff Berry comp
Harvard mark 1
ENIAC
UNIVAC

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33
Q

list 2 descriptions of 2nd gen comps

A

invented in 1947
use of transistors in place of vacuum tubes
more powerful
smaller
more reliable
reprogrammed in less time than 1st gen comps

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34
Q

what are tranisistors

A

tiny electronic switches

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35
Q

list 2 descriptions of 3rd gen comps

A

developed in the 1960s
used multiple integrated circuits to process data
smaller
faster
more reliable
much overlap between the 2nd and 3rd gen comps

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36
Q

what was the apollo guidance comp used for

A

used in moon landing missions

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37
Q

what are integrated circuits

A

chips that contain large numbers of tiny transistors fabricated into a semiconducting material called silicon

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38
Q

4th gen comps uses

A

microprocesors

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39
Q

what is a microprocessor

A

a complex integrated circuit that contains processing circuity in the 1970s

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40
Q

what is the central processing unit (CPU)

A

the primary microprocessor in the comp

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41
Q

what does the CPU do

A

behaves as the brain of the comp
controls all functions performed by other components
processes all the command it receives

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42
Q

what are some other microprocessors and their functions

A

npu - control the network
GPU - graphics
apu - audio processing

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43
Q

the 1st microprocessor was developed in

A

1971

44
Q

what is moore’s law (1965)

A

predicted the number of transistors that could be placed on an integrated circuit had doubled roughly every 2 years

45
Q

what is the technology plan that guides the industry

A

moore’s law

46
Q

what is green computing

A

the efficient and eco friendly use of comps and other electronics

47
Q

smart homes use

A

automation to control various appliances in the house

48
Q

smart appliances can monitor

A

signals from the power company transmitted over the smart grid

49
Q

what is the smart grid

A

a network for delivering electricity to consumers

50
Q

what is the binary number system (Base 2)

A

number system that has only 2 digits: 0 and 1

51
Q

all info entered into a comp system must be converted into

A

binary digits

52
Q

when does the binary number system fail

A

when there is more than 2 choices

53
Q

adding another switch or bit increases the possible combinations by a factor of

A

2

54
Q

how many combinations would be for 6 bits

A

64

55
Q

bit is short for

A

binary digit

56
Q

the smallest unit of digital data is a

A

bit

57
Q

8 bits equal

A

1 byte

58
Q

1 byte gives us how many possible combinations

A

256

59
Q

Bytes are used to represent

A

a single character in modern comp systems

60
Q

what does ASCII stand for

A

American standard code for information

61
Q

how many bits is in the ASCII

A

8 bits

62
Q

what is the most common extension of ASCII

A

unicode

63
Q

what is unicode

A

the standard on the internet and includes codes for most of the world’s written languages, math systems, and special characters

64
Q

bits are used to

A

measure data transfer rates - internet connection speed

65
Q

bytes are used

A

to measure file size and storage capacity

66
Q

1 megabyte equals

A

1 million bytes

67
Q

how many megabytes can a picture have

A

24 or more

68
Q

1 gigabyte equals

A

1,000 megabytes

69
Q

most storage is measured in

A

gigabytes

70
Q

1 terabytes equals

A

1,000 gigabytes

71
Q

larger hard drives are measured in

A

terabytes

72
Q

what is bioinformatics

A

the application of technology to the field of biology

73
Q

what is a workstation

A

a high end desktop comp that is attached to a network in a business setting

74
Q

what is an all in 1 comp

A

a compact desktop comp with an integrated monitor and system unit

75
Q

what is an operating system (OS)

A

software that provides the user with an interface to communicate with the hardware and software on a comp

76
Q

a comp can not run without an

A

operating system

77
Q

list 2 Mac advantages

A

easy set up
easy use
great multimedia capabilites
secure and stable
productivity and entertainment software included

78
Q

list 2 PC advantages

A

less expensive
can run many versions of windows and linux
more configuration choices

79
Q

list 2 chromebook advantages

A

inexpensive
relies on web apps and online storage
fast and secure

80
Q

what is ergonomics

A

study of the relationship between workers and their workspaces

81
Q

what does universal design refer to

A

input and output devices that can be used and adjusted by everyone

82
Q

what is a subscriber identity module (SIM)

A

identifies the phone and includes account info and cellular carrier

83
Q

what is global positioning system (GPS)

A

consists of 24 satellites operating at all times

84
Q

multi user comps allow

A

multiple simultaneous users to connect to them

85
Q

what is an advantage of multi user comps

A

centralized resources and security

86
Q

server comps

A

provide services

87
Q

a client is a device that

A

connects to or requests services from a server
ranges in size and price

88
Q

what is a mainframe

A

large comps that can perform millions of transactions in a day

89
Q

what is an enterprise servers and what did it replace

A

allows 1000s of users to utilize the system concurrently
mainframes

90
Q

list 2 descriptions of super comps

A

very expensive
designed to perform a limited number of tasks asap
can be a single comp with multiple processors
can be a group of comps that work together

91
Q

what is distributed computing

A

distributes the processing of a task across a group of comps

92
Q

what is grid computing

A

distrbuted computing using a group of comps in 1 location

93
Q

what is ubiquitous computing (ubicomp)

A

means technology recedes into the background

94
Q

what is an embedded comp

A

specialized comp that is a part of another device
ex: gas pumps

95
Q

what is IoT

A

internet of things
the connection of the physical world to the internet

96
Q

the ____ is a measure of a comps ability to display intelligent behavior

A

artificial intelligence

97
Q

2nd gen comps used what to process data

A

transistors

98
Q

what is a complex integrated circuit that contains processing circuitry

A

microprocessor

99
Q

what is the binary code that can represent most currently used language characters and is the standard used on the internet

A

unicode

100
Q

what is a compact desktop comp with an integrated monitor and system unit called

A

all in one

101
Q

what is an overlay of virtual content on the physical world

A

virtual reality

102
Q

what consists of 24 satellites that transmit signals to determine the receivers current location, time, and velocity through the triangulation of the signals

A

GPS

103
Q

what performs complex math calculations, such as those used in weather forecasting and medical research

A

supercomps

104
Q

what is the study of the relationship between workers and their workspaces

A

ergonomics

105
Q

what is an example of convergence

A

smartphone

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