Ch 1 what does a comp do? Flashcards
what are comps?
a programmable machine that converts raw data into useful info
what is raw data?
includes numbers, words, pictures, or people, events, things or ideas
comps have what ability?
the ability to change its programming
who designed the analytical engine?
mathematician Charles Babbage
what is used to program the analytical engine
punch cards
what are punch cards?
stiff pieces of paper that convey info by the presence of absence of holes
who developed punch cards?
Joseph Marie Jacquard
who was the 1st comp programmer?
mathematician ada lovelace
the ada comp language was named after____ in _____
ada lovelace
1979
who invented the turing test and when?
mathematician alan turing in 1950
what does the turing test do?
tests a machines ability to display intelligent behavior
turing machines could perform what type of computations
mathematical
who is the father of AI
Alan turing
AI is the branch of
science concerned with making comps behave like humans
comps convert data into info through the
info processing cycle
what are the 4 steps of the info processing cycle
input
output
storage
processing
what is the program that windows include for screenshotting your desktop
snipping tool
what is the program included in macs for screen shotting your desktop
grab tool
what 4 types of snips can a windows capture
form
rectangular
window
full screen
what 3 types of grabs can a Mac capture
selection
window
screen
name at least 2 descriptions for 1st gen comps
massive in size
used vacuum tubes
used manual switches to process data
list 2 descriptions of vacuum tubes
resemble light bulbs
gives off a lot of heat
are unreliable
what does ENIAC stand for
electronic numerical integrator and comp
6 ENIACs were built at what university and when
university of Pennsylvania
1943-1946
what was the 1st working digital and general purpose comp
ENIAC
list 2 descriptions of the ENIAC
used 18,000 vacuum tubes
weighed 30 tons
occupied 1,800 sq ft
originally created to calculate artillery firing tables
wasn’t completed until after the war ended
was reprogrammed to solve a range of other problems
how do you program an ENIAC
by manipulating switches
how long does it take to program an ENIAC
several days
what is an IBM automatic sequence controlled calculator
Harvard mark 1
what was the general purpose of the Harvard mark 1
digital calculator used by the UPS Navy toward the end of WW2
how long and tall was the harvard mark 1
51 ft long
8 ft tall
what are 2 important 1st gen comps
z1
z3
colossus machines
atanascoff Berry comp
Harvard mark 1
ENIAC
UNIVAC
list 2 descriptions of 2nd gen comps
invented in 1947
use of transistors in place of vacuum tubes
more powerful
smaller
more reliable
reprogrammed in less time than 1st gen comps
what are tranisistors
tiny electronic switches
list 2 descriptions of 3rd gen comps
developed in the 1960s
used multiple integrated circuits to process data
smaller
faster
more reliable
much overlap between the 2nd and 3rd gen comps
what was the apollo guidance comp used for
used in moon landing missions
what are integrated circuits
chips that contain large numbers of tiny transistors fabricated into a semiconducting material called silicon
4th gen comps uses
microprocesors
what is a microprocessor
a complex integrated circuit that contains processing circuity in the 1970s
what is the central processing unit (CPU)
the primary microprocessor in the comp
what does the CPU do
behaves as the brain of the comp
controls all functions performed by other components
processes all the command it receives
what are some other microprocessors and their functions
npu - control the network
GPU - graphics
apu - audio processing