CH 10: Protein Sorting & Vesicular Trafficking - (Key Terms) Flashcards
The Golgi compartment within which proteins are sorted and packaged to exit the Golgi apparatus.
trans Golgi network
The region of the Golgi apparatus at which proteins enter from the endoplasmic reticulum.
cis Golgi network
The degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles by their enclosure in cytoplasmic vesicles that fuse with lysosomes.
Autophagy
A vesicle containing internal organelles enclosed by fragments of cytoplasmic membranes that fuses with lysosomes
Autophagosome
A protein that coats the cytoplasmic surface of cell membranes and assembles into basketlike lattices that drive vesicle budding.
Clathrin
A protein complex on the plasma membrane at which exocytosis occurs.
Exocyst
A process in which misfolded proteins in the ER are identified and returned to the cytosol for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
ER-associated degradation (ERAD)
A vesicular compartment involved in the sorting and transport to lysosomes of material taken up by endocytosis
Endosome
Transport vesicle coated w/ clathrin.
Clathrin-Coated Vesicle
Transport vesicles coated with COPI or COPII.
COP-Coated Vesicle
The 2 proteins other than clathrin that coat transport vesicles (COP indicates coat protein).
COPI + COPII
The UPTAKE of Extracellular material in vesicles formed from the plasma membrane.
ENDOcytosis
An extensive network of membrane-enclosed tubules and sacs involved in protein sorting and processing as well as in lipid synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Enzyme that CATALYZES the Formation + Breakage of Disulfide (S–S) linkages.
Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI)
Vacuole containing a particle TAKEN UP by Phagocytosis
Phagosome
Lysosome that has fused w/ a Phagosome or Autophagosome.
Phagolysosome
Protein that CATALYZES the Translocation of Lipids ACROSS the Endoplasmic Reticulum membrane
Flippase
UPTAKE of Large Particles, such as bacteria, by a Cell, sometimes called “Cell Eating.”
Phagocytosis
Small vesicle formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted.
Microsome
A modified Mannose residue that targets proteins to Lysosomes.
Mannose-6-Phosphate
Cytoplasmic organelle involved in the processing and sorting of proteins and lipids. In plant cells, it is also the site of the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides.
Golgi Apparatus
Compartments of the Golgi apparatus within which most metabolic activities take place.
Golgi stack
Cytoplasmic organelle containing enzymes that break down biological polymers.
Lysosome
Family of Diseases characterized by the accumulation of undegraded material in the lysosomes of affected individuals.
Lysosomal Storage Disease
Glycolipid containing Phosphatidylinositol that Anchors Proteins to the EXTERNAL face of the Plasma Membrane
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchor
Family of Small GTP-binding proteins that play key roles in vesicular transport.
Rab
Region of the Endoplasmic Reticulum covered with ribosomes and involved in protein metabolism.
Rough ER
Movement of secreted proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and then, within secretory vesicles, to the cell surface.
Secretory Pathway
Membrane-enclosed sac that transports proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface.
Secretory Vesicle
A Recognition determinant formed by the 3-Dimensional Folding of a Polypeptide Chain.
Signal Patch
HYDROPHOBIC sequence @ the Amino terminus of a Polypeptide chain that Targets it for Secretion in Bacteria or incorporation into Endoplasmic Reticulum of Eukaryotic Cells.
Signal Sequence
Enzyme that REMOVES the Signal Sequence of a Polypeptide chain by Proteolysis.
Signal Peptidase
Particle composed of Proteins + RNA that Binds to Signal Sequences & Targets polypeptide chains to the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Signal Recognition Particle (SRP)
Region of the Endoplasmic Reticulum that is the Major site of Lipid Synthesis in Eukaryotic Cells.
Smooth ER
Transmembrane Protein that MEDIATES fusion of Vesicle + Target membranes.
SNARE
Protein on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum that binds the signal recognition particle (SRP)
SRP receptor
The Small Cytoplasmic RNA component of SRP.
SRP RNA
Secretory vesicle that releases neurotransmitters at a synapse.
Synaptic Vesicle
A large membrane-enclosed sac in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. In plant cells, vacuoles function to store nutrients and waste products, to degrade macromolecules, and to maintain turgor pressure.
Vacuole
Cellular Stress Response in which an excess of Unfolded Proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum LEADS TO General Inhibition of Protein Synthesis, INCREASED Expression of Chaperones, & INCREASED Proteasome activity.
Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)
Membrane Channel thru which Polypeptide Chains are Transported INTO the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Translocon
Region of ER from which Proteins EXIT for Golgi Apparatus.
Transitional ER
