CH 10: Protein Sorting & Vesicular Trafficking - (Key Terms) Flashcards

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0
Q

The Golgi compartment within which proteins are sorted and packaged to exit the Golgi apparatus.

A

trans Golgi network

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1
Q

The region of the Golgi apparatus at which proteins enter from the endoplasmic reticulum.

A

cis Golgi network

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2
Q

The degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles by their enclosure in cytoplasmic vesicles that fuse with lysosomes.

A

Autophagy

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3
Q

A vesicle containing internal organelles enclosed by fragments of cytoplasmic membranes that fuses with lysosomes

A

Autophagosome

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4
Q

A protein that coats the cytoplasmic surface of cell membranes and assembles into basketlike lattices that drive vesicle budding.

A

Clathrin

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5
Q

A protein complex on the plasma membrane at which exocytosis occurs.

A

Exocyst

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6
Q

A process in which misfolded proteins in the ER are identified and returned to the cytosol for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

A

ER-associated degradation (ERAD)

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7
Q

A vesicular compartment involved in the sorting and transport to lysosomes of material taken up by endocytosis

A

Endosome

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8
Q

Transport vesicle coated w/ clathrin.

A

Clathrin-Coated Vesicle

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9
Q

Transport vesicles coated with COPI or COPII.

A

COP-Coated Vesicle

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10
Q

The 2 proteins other than clathrin that coat transport vesicles (COP indicates coat protein).

A

COPI + COPII

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11
Q

The UPTAKE of Extracellular material in vesicles formed from the plasma membrane.

A

ENDOcytosis

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12
Q

An extensive network of membrane-enclosed tubules and sacs involved in protein sorting and processing as well as in lipid synthesis.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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13
Q

Enzyme that CATALYZES the Formation + Breakage of Disulfide (S–S) linkages.

A

Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI)

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14
Q

Vacuole containing a particle TAKEN UP by Phagocytosis

A

Phagosome

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15
Q

Lysosome that has fused w/ a Phagosome or Autophagosome.

A

Phagolysosome

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16
Q

Protein that CATALYZES the Translocation of Lipids ACROSS the Endoplasmic Reticulum membrane

A

Flippase

17
Q

UPTAKE of Large Particles, such as bacteria, by a Cell, sometimes called “Cell Eating.”

A

Phagocytosis

18
Q

Small vesicle formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted.

A

Microsome

19
Q

A modified Mannose residue that targets proteins to Lysosomes.

A

Mannose-6-Phosphate

20
Q

Cytoplasmic organelle involved in the processing and sorting of proteins and lipids. In plant cells, it is also the site of the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides.

A

Golgi Apparatus

21
Q

Compartments of the Golgi apparatus within which most metabolic activities take place.

A

Golgi stack

22
Q

Cytoplasmic organelle containing enzymes that break down biological polymers.

A

Lysosome

23
Q

Family of Diseases characterized by the accumulation of undegraded material in the lysosomes of affected individuals.

A

Lysosomal Storage Disease

24
Q

Glycolipid containing Phosphatidylinositol that Anchors Proteins to the EXTERNAL face of the Plasma Membrane

A

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchor

25
Q

Family of Small GTP-binding proteins that play key roles in vesicular transport.

A

Rab

26
Q

Region of the Endoplasmic Reticulum covered with ribosomes and involved in protein metabolism.

A

Rough ER

27
Q

Movement of secreted proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and then, within secretory vesicles, to the cell surface.

A

Secretory Pathway

28
Q

Membrane-enclosed sac that transports proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface.

A

Secretory Vesicle

29
Q

A Recognition determinant formed by the 3-Dimensional Folding of a Polypeptide Chain.

A

Signal Patch

30
Q

HYDROPHOBIC sequence @ the Amino terminus of a Polypeptide chain that Targets it for Secretion in Bacteria or incorporation into Endoplasmic Reticulum of Eukaryotic Cells.

A

Signal Sequence

31
Q

Enzyme that REMOVES the Signal Sequence of a Polypeptide chain by Proteolysis.

A

Signal Peptidase

32
Q

Particle composed of Proteins + RNA that Binds to Signal Sequences & Targets polypeptide chains to the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

A

Signal Recognition Particle (SRP)

33
Q

Region of the Endoplasmic Reticulum that is the Major site of Lipid Synthesis in Eukaryotic Cells.

A

Smooth ER

34
Q

Transmembrane Protein that MEDIATES fusion of Vesicle + Target membranes.

A

SNARE

35
Q

Protein on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum that binds the signal recognition particle (SRP)

A

SRP receptor

36
Q

The Small Cytoplasmic RNA component of SRP.

A

SRP RNA

37
Q

Secretory vesicle that releases neurotransmitters at a synapse.

A

Synaptic Vesicle

38
Q

A large membrane-enclosed sac in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. In plant cells, vacuoles function to store nutrients and waste products, to degrade macromolecules, and to maintain turgor pressure.

A

Vacuole

39
Q

Cellular Stress Response in which an excess of Unfolded Proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum LEADS TO General Inhibition of Protein Synthesis, INCREASED Expression of Chaperones, & INCREASED Proteasome activity.

A

Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)

40
Q

Membrane Channel thru which Polypeptide Chains are Transported INTO the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

A

Translocon

41
Q

Region of ER from which Proteins EXIT for Golgi Apparatus.

A

Transitional ER