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NBDE 1 > Ch. 10 - Neurophysiology 3 > Flashcards

Ch. 10 - Neurophysiology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of synapse?

A

Chemical Synapse

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2
Q

What is the term for the synapse between lower motor neuron (efferent nerve) and muscle?

A

Nueromuscular Junction

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3
Q

What is the threshold for nueromuscular junctions?

A

-65mV –> all or nothing

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4
Q

What breaks down acetylcholine and what builds it up?

A

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) breaks it down to acetate and choline

Choline aectyltransferase - generates ACh

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5
Q

What muscles cause miosis and mydriasis?

A
  • Myosis - sphincter pupillae
  • Mydriasis - dilator pupillae
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6
Q

What muscle of the eye alters the lens refractory power?

A

Ciliary Body

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7
Q

What are the 4 photopigments?

A
  1. Rhodopsin - rods
  2. Red
  3. Green
  4. Blue
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8
Q

What would a lesion in the pretectal region of the visual pathway cause?

A

Bitemporal hemainopsia (Tunnel vision)

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9
Q

What does pitch and loudness relate to?

A
  • Pitch - frequency
  • Loudness - amplitude
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10
Q

What is presbycusis?

A

Hearing loss that gradually occurs with aging

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11
Q

What is the basic unit of hearing that transforms the sound waves into fluid vibrations into a nerve impulse?

A

Organ of Corti

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12
Q

What is the most numerous papillae on the tongue, and do they contain taste buds?

A

Filliform papillae - no taste buds

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13
Q

What papillae contain taste buds?

A
  • Fungiform papillae
  • Circumvallate papillae
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14
Q

What is the taste pathway (all ipsilateral)?

A
  • Taste bud, receptor cell
  • CN 7 (facial), 9 (glossopharyngeal), 10 (vagus)
  • Nucleus of the solitary tract
  • Ipsilateral VPM of thalamus
  • Insular cortex
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15
Q

What are the 5 basic tastes?

A
  1. Sweet
  2. Sour
  3. Salty
  4. Bitter
  5. Umami

Each taste is sensed on all parts of the tongue

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16
Q

Which papillae are keratinized and which are not:

  • Foliate
  • Filiform
  • Circumvallate
  • Fungiform
A
  • Keratinized:
    • Filiform & Circumvallate
  • Non-Keratinized:
    • Foliate & Fungiform
17
Q

Define the following terms:

  1. Aguesia
  2. Dysgeusia
  3. Anosmia
  4. Hyposmia
  5. Dysosmia
A
  1. Aguesia - complete loss of taste
  2. Dysgeusia - disturbed sense of taste
  3. Anosmia - absense of smell
  4. Hyposmia - diminished smell
  5. Dysosmia - distorted smell
18
Q

What is Kallman syndrome?

A
  • Hypogonadism caused by deficiency of GnRH
  • Associated with Anosmia

NBDE 1 (17 decks)

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