Ch. 1 - The Science of Psychology

Question 1

Major Subfields

Answer 1

Developmental
Physiological
Experimental
Personality
Clinical and Counseling
Social 
Industrial and Organizational

Question 2

Enduring Issues

Answer 2

Person-Situation
Nature-Nurture
Stability-Change
Diversity-Universality
Mind-Body

Question 3

Theory

Answer 3

A systematic explanation of a phenomenon

Question 4

Hypothesis

Answer 4

Specific, testable predictions derived from a theory

Question 5

Psychology

Answer 5

Scientific, behavioral, and mental processes

Question 6

First step of scientific method

Answer 6

Make observations

Question 7

Critical thinkers are willing to

Answer 7

Subject their own deeply held beliefs to scrutiny

Question 8

Evolutionary View

Answer 8

Acquire mental and behavioral traits from historical past

Question 9

Who developed the theory of functionalism?

Answer 9

William James

Question 10

Behaviorism

Answer 10

Psychology is the study of only what is observable and measurable

Question 11

We cannot understand human behavior without also understanding

Answer 11

The influence of culture on human diversity

Question 12

Correlational research

Answer 12

Based on the naturally occurring relationship between two or more variables

Question 13

Career that requires a medical degree for a career as specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of behavior disorders is that of a

Answer 13

Psychiatrist

Question 14

Is there a single perspective dominating psychology today?

Answer 14

No, psychologists are more flexible in considering new approaches and combining elements of different perspectives

Question 15

Voluntarism

Answer 15

(Wundt)

Attention is actively controlled by intentions and motives

Question 16

Structuralism

Answer 16

(Wundt/Titchener)

Stresses the basic units of experience and the combinations in which they occur

Question 17

Functionalism

Answer 17

(William James)

How an organism uses its perceptual abilities to function in its environment

Question 18

Psychodynamic

Answer 18

(Freud)

Behavior results from psychological factors that interact within the individual, often outside conscious awareness

Question 19

Behaviorism

Answer 19

(Watson, Skinner)

Studies only observable and measurable behavior

Question 20

Humanistic

Answer 20

(Maslow)

Emphasizes nonverbal experience and altered states of consciousness as a means of realizing one’s full human potential

Question 21

Gestalt

Answer 21

Studies how people perceive and experience objects as whole patterns

Question 22

Cognitive

Answer 22

Study of mental processes

Question 23

Sex

Answer 23

Biological

Question 24

Gender

Answer 24

Psychological and social meanings attached to being biologically male or female