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BIO153 > Ch 1. The Human Body: An Orientation > Flashcards

Ch 1. The Human Body: An Orientation Flashcards

1
Q

The structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

How the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities

A

Physiology

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3
Q

The study of the large body structures visible to the naked eye

A

Gross/Macroscopic anatomy

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4
Q

All the structures in a particular region of the body are examined at the same time

A

Regional anatomy

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5
Q

Body structure is studied system by system

A

Systemic anatomy

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6
Q

The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

A

Surface anatomy

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7
Q

Studies structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

A

Microscopic anatomy

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8
Q

Study of cells

A

Cytology

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9
Q

Study of tissues

A

Histology

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10
Q

Traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span

A

Developmental anatomy

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11
Q

Concerns developmental changes that occur before birth

A

Embryology

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12
Q

Listening to organ sounds with a stethoscope

A

Auscultation

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13
Q

Concerns kidney function and urine production

A

Renal physiology

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14
Q

Explains the workings of the nervous system

A

Neurophysiology

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15
Q

Examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular physiology

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16
Q

The principle that, what a structure can do depends on its specific form

A

Principle of complementarity of structure and function

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17
Q

The level at which atoms combine to form molecules such as water and protein

A

Chemical level

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18
Q

Groups of similar cells that have a common function

A

Tissues

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19
Q

Basic components of the microscopic cells

A

Organelles

20
Q

A discrete structure composed of at least two tissue types that performs a specific function for the body

A

Organ

21
Q

The level at which extremely complex functions become possible

A

Organ level

22
Q

Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose make up an…

A

Organ system level

23
Q

Represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive

A

Organismal level

24
Q

The muscle cell’s ability to move by shortening is called…

A

Contractility

25
Q

The ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them

A

Responsiveness or excitability

26
Q

The breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood

A

Digestion

27
Q

All chemical reactions that occur within body cells

A

Metabolism

28
Q

The process of removing wastes (excreta) from the body

A

Excretion

29
Q

Original cell divides, producing 2 identical daughter cells that may then be used for body growth or repair

A

Reproduction

30
Q

An increase in size of a body part or the organism as a whole

A

Growth

31
Q

Nutrients, oxygen, water, and appropriate temperature and atmospheric pressure

A

Survival needs

32
Q

Contain the chemical substances used for energy and cell building

A

Nutrients

33
Q

What is the most abundant chemical substance in the body?

A

Water

34
Q

The force that air exerts on the surface of the body

A

Atmospheric pressure

35
Q

The ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously

A

Homeostasis

36
Q

Some type of sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes (stimuli) by sending information (input) to the second component, the control center

A

Receptor

37
Q

Provides the means for the control center’s response (output) to the stimulus

A

Effector

38
Q

In these systems, the output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces its intensity

A

Negative feedback mechanisms

39
Q

In these systems, the result or response enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated

A

Positive feedback mechanisms

40
Q

Diseases are a result of this

A

Homeostatic imbalance

41
Q

Anatomical reference point

A

Anatomical position

42
Q

Makes up the axis of our body and includes head, neck, and trunk

A

Axial part

43
Q

This part of the body consists of the appendages, which are attached to the body’s axis

A

Appendicular part

44
Q

The serous membranes are separated by a thin layer of lubricating fluid called…

A

Serous fluid

45
Q

A thin, double-layered membrane that covers the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs

A

Serosa

46
Q

The part of the membrane that lines the cavity walls

A

Parietal visceral serosa

BIO153 (8 decks)

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