Ch 1. The Human Body: An Orientation

Question 1

The structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

How the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

The study of the large body structures visible to the naked eye

Answer 3

Gross/Macroscopic anatomy

Question 4

All the structures in a particular region of the body are examined at the same time

Answer 4

Regional anatomy

Question 5

Body structure is studied system by system

Answer 5

Systemic anatomy

Question 6

The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

Answer 6

Surface anatomy

Question 7

Studies structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

Answer 7

Microscopic anatomy

Question 8

Study of cells

Answer 8

Cytology

Question 9

Study of tissues

Answer 9

Histology

Question 10

Traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span

Answer 10

Developmental anatomy

Question 11

Concerns developmental changes that occur before birth

Answer 11

Embryology

Question 12

Listening to organ sounds with a stethoscope

Answer 12

Auscultation

Question 13

Concerns kidney function and urine production

Answer 13

Renal physiology

Question 14

Explains the workings of the nervous system

Answer 14

Neurophysiology

Question 15

Examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

Answer 15

Cardiovascular physiology

Question 16

The principle that, what a structure can do depends on its specific form

Answer 16

Principle of complementarity of structure and function

Question 17

The level at which atoms combine to form molecules such as water and protein

Answer 17

Chemical level

Question 18

Groups of similar cells that have a common function

Answer 18

Tissues

Question 19

Basic components of the microscopic cells

Answer 19

Organelles

Question 20

A discrete structure composed of at least two tissue types that performs a specific function for the body

Answer 20

Organ

Question 21

The level at which extremely complex functions become possible

Answer 21

Organ level

Question 22

Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose make up an…

Answer 22

Organ system level

Question 23

Represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive

Answer 23

Organismal level

Question 24

The muscle cell’s ability to move by shortening is called…

Answer 24

Contractility

Question 25

The ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them

Answer 25

Responsiveness or excitability

Question 26

The breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood

Answer 26

Digestion

Question 27

All chemical reactions that occur within body cells

Answer 27

Metabolism

Question 28

The process of removing wastes (excreta) from the body

Answer 28

Excretion

Question 29

Original cell divides, producing 2 identical daughter cells that may then be used for body growth or repair

Answer 29

Reproduction

Question 30

An increase in size of a body part or the organism as a whole

Answer 30

Growth

Question 31

Nutrients, oxygen, water, and appropriate temperature and atmospheric pressure

Answer 31

Survival needs

Question 32

Contain the chemical substances used for energy and cell building

Answer 32

Nutrients

Question 33

What is the most abundant chemical substance in the body?

Answer 33

Water

Question 34

The force that air exerts on the surface of the body

Answer 34

Atmospheric pressure

Question 35

The ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously

Answer 35

Homeostasis

Question 36

Some type of sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes (stimuli) by sending information (input) to the second component, the control center

Answer 36

Receptor

Question 37

Provides the means for the control center's response (output) to the stimulus

Answer 37

Effector

Question 38

In these systems, the output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces its intensity

Answer 38

Negative feedback mechanisms

Question 39

In these systems, the result or response enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated

Answer 39

Positive feedback mechanisms

Question 40

Diseases are a result of this

Answer 40

Homeostatic imbalance

Question 41

Anatomical reference point

Answer 41

Anatomical position

Question 42

Makes up the axis of our body and includes head, neck, and trunk

Answer 42

Axial part

Question 43

This part of the body consists of the appendages, which are attached to the body's axis

Answer 43

Appendicular part

Question 44

The serous membranes are separated by a thin layer of lubricating fluid called...

Answer 44

Serous fluid

Question 45

A thin, double-layered membrane that covers the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs

Answer 45

Serosa

Question 46

The part of the membrane that lines the cavity walls

Answer 46

Parietal visceral serosa