CH 1 Brain Injury Overview Flashcards
What is acquired brain injury (ABI)?
occurs after birth and includes injury caused by external physical forces and internal insults to the brain
can be traumatic, traumatic inertial or non traumatic
How does TBI differ from ABI?
TBI is a type of ABI, TBI is due to contact or non contact injury specifically
What are 4 causes of ABI?
- Traumatic Impact Closed
- Traumatic Impact Open
- Traumatic Inertial
- Non-traumatic
What happens in a coup-contrecoup injury?
Brain contact inside of skull and then bouncing back to hit on other side of skull resulting in focal injuries on both sides (brain moving in skull)
Why is brain injury called a silent epidemic?
-underreporting
-fewer ppl are aware of cognitive changes
-fewer seek medical tx
-decreased access to rehab
What is most common cause of BI according to CDC?
Stroke
ABI is the second most prevalent disability in US affecting how many?
13.5 million
What are primary injuries?
initial mechanism or etiology
What are secondary injuries?
Pathophysiological response or delayed non-mechanical response to primary injury
List 4 secondary injuries
-hydrocephalus
-edema
-hypoxia
-metabolic abnormalities
LOC varies according to injury severity; list severities and durations
Mild-brief or no LOC
Moderate- any LOC up to 24 hours
Severe-24 hours or greater
Which BI severity levels may show neurological signs such as fractures and bleeding?
moderate and severe
What are 5 risk factors for brain injury?
-age
-alcohol
-domestic violence
-military action
-prisoner/inmate
What age group has the highest rate of death from brain injury?
75 years+
What age groups have highest rate of TBI due to falls?
0-4 and 75+
Describe the TBI continuum of care
acute, post acute and long term
non-linear
Why is progression along continuum of care non-linear?
dependent upon medical complexity, practitioner expertise, severity and type of injury, funding, referral patterns/biases
Who establishes standards for rehab facilities?
Jco and CARP
List 3 types of compliance requirements
-infection control
-patient rights
-staff qualifications/competencies
How has the Olmstead Decision changed service delivery for ppl with disabilities?
It created several federal and state level initiatives to make living in community a reality. Increased community services, greater integration
What agency funds TBIMS?
US Dept. of Health and Human Services’ Administration for Community Living’s National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehab Research (NIDILRR)
What is meant by disease-causative and disease-accelerative?
It is a chronic, progressive disease that isn’t always cured. It can impact multiple organs systems
How does TBI affect life expectancy?
Decreased by 7 years, individuals with TBI are 1.5x more likely to die compared to non-injured
List 4 ways ppl with BIs are at increased risk for illness/death due to multiple conditions
Aspiration PNA, seizures, PNA, suicide, digestive d/o
