Ch 1: Biology and Behavior (Kaplan)

Question 1

The midbrain is also known as the ___________, and is associated with involuntary reflex responses triggered by visual or auditory stimuli. There are several prominent nuclei in the midbrain, two of which are collectively called colliculi. The superior colliculus receives ______ sensory input, and the inferior colliculus receives sensory information from the ________ system.

Answer 1

mesencephalon
visual
auditory

p. 14

Question 2

The forebrain is also known as the ___________. During prenatal development, it divides to form the __________ and __________.

Answer 2

prosencephalon
telencephalon
diencephalon

p. 14

Question 3

What structures are formed by the telencephalon?

Answer 3

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system

p. 14

Question 4

What structures are formed by the diencephalon?

Answer 4

thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary gland, and pineal gland

p. 14

Question 5

A regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) study detects broad patterns of neural activity based on increased blood flow to different parts of the brain. rCBF relies on the assumption that blow flow increases to regions of the brain that are involved in cognitive function. To measure blood flow, the patient inhales a harmless __________ ___; a special device that can detect radioactivity in the bloodstream can then correlate radioactivity levels with regional cerebral blood flow.

Answer 5

radioactive gas

p. 16

Question 6

MRI techniques are dependent on…

Answer 6

…the reaction of hydrogen to a magnetic field.

p. 16

Question 7

What are the main functions of the hindbrain?

Answer 7

controls balance, breathing, heart rate, motor coordination, digestion, and general arousal processes (sleeping/waking)

p. 14

Question 8

What are the main functions of the midbrain?

Answer 8

To receive motor and sensory information from the rest of the body. It’s associated with involuntary reflex responses triggered by visual or auditory stimuli.

p. 14

Question 9

What are the main functions of the forebrain?

Answer 9

It is responsible for complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral processes. Its functions are not absolutely necessary for survival, but are associated inside with the intellectual and emotional capacity is most characteristic of humans.

p. 14

Question 10

What are the 3 subdivisions of the hypothalamus?

Answer 10

anterior hypothalamus
lateral hypothalamus
ventromedial hypothalamus

Question 11

What is the anterior hypothalamus responsible for?

Answer 11

control of sexual behavior, as well as regulation of sleep and body temperature

Question 12

What is the lateral hypothalamus responsible for?

Answer 12

it acts as the hunger center, and has special receptors that detect when the body needs more food or fluids

Question 13

What happens when the lateral hypothalamus is destroyed (in lab rats), what happens?

Answer 13

They refuse to eat or drink.

(Remember, when the Lateral Hypothalamus is destroyed, one Lacks Hunger.)

Question 14

What is the ventromedial hypothalamus responsible for?

What do lesions in this area lead to?

Answer 14

It is the “satiety center”, and provides signals to stop eating.

Obesity

p. 21

Question 15

What 2 hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?

Answer 15

oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH)

p. 21

Question 16

The pineal releases melatonin, and receives direct signals from the ______ for coordination with sunlight.

Answer 16

retina

p. 21

Question 17

The basal ganglia are found in the middle of the brain, and coordinate muscle movement as they receive info from the cortex. They relay this info, via the __________ _____ system, to the brain and spinal cord. The basal ganglia help make our motions smooth and our _______ steady.

Answer 17

extrapyramidal motor

posture

p. 21

Question 18

What disease is associated with destruction of portions of the basal ganglia?

Answer 18

Parkinson’s disease

Question 19

What are the 4 primary components of the limbic system?

Answer 19

septal nuclei

amygdala

hippocampus

anterior cingulate cortex

p. 22

Question 20

The limbic system is a group of interconnected structures looping around the central portion of the brain and is primarily associated with _______ and ______.

Answer 20

emotion and memory

p. 22

Question 21

What part of the limbic system is one of the primary pleasure centers of the brain and is associated with addictive behavior?

Answer 21

septal nuclei

p. 22