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psych 100 > ch 1 > Flashcards

ch 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is psychology

A

the study of the mind and human behaviour

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2
Q

levels of psychological analysis

A

-the brain
-the person
-the group

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3
Q

Wiliam Wundt

A

-father of experimental psychology
-study of consciousness (voluntarism)
-opened first lab in leipzig

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4
Q

Edward Titchener

A

-structuralism: tried to break down the components of consciousness

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5
Q

Structuralism

A

-components that make up consciousness
-introspection
-describe mental processes rather than predict or control

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6
Q

Introspection

A

careful, reflective, systematic, observation of details of the mental process

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7
Q

William James

A

-functionalism
-first psych textbook and lab in the US

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8
Q

functionalism is

A

the flow of consciousness

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9
Q

functionalist scientists used

A

empirical methods that focused on causes and consequences of behaviour
-studied, animals, children, and those w mental disorders

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10
Q

Gestalt psychologists

A

-consciousness can’t be broken down
-perceive things as “whole”; stories, patterns

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11
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

the psychology of the unconscious. aimed to resolve unconscious conflicts

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12
Q

who developed psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

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13
Q

Behaviouralism

A

the study of observable behaviour

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14
Q

Behaviouralism researchers:

A

Edward Thorndike
Ivan Pavlov
John. B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura

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15
Q

Edward Thorndike

A

proposed that studying animals could help explain human behaviour

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16
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

“classical conditioning”
-dogs salivating at the ringing of a bell due to previous association with food

17
Q

John. B Watson

A

-people can be classically conditioned
-little Albert experiment

18
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

-skinner box
-positive and negative reinforcement to control behaviour

19
Q

Albert Bandura

A

-compared social behaviour about learning in children to primates
-we copy what others do to learn

20
Q

Carl Rogers

A

developed client centered therapy

21
Q

client centered therapy

A

environment of unconditional love and support

22
Q

positive psychology

A

studies human strengths, fulfillment, and creativity

23
Q

Ulric Neisser coined the term

A

cognitive psychology

24
Q

cognitive psychology

A

the study of information processing. compared the mind to a computer. language, problem solving etc.

25
Q

Psychobiology/neuroscience (who came up with concept of cell assembly)

A

donald hebb

26
Q

humanistic psychology

A

focused on unique features of human functioning.

27
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

prioritized our numerous needs and believed that we must satisfy basic physiological and safety needs first. Only then can we progress up the hierarchy to satisfy other needs and achieve self-actualization.

28
Q

cultural psychology

A

the study of how cultural practices shape psychological and behavioural tendencies and influence human behaviour.

29
Q

cross-cultural psychology

A

the study of what is generally or universally true about human beings regardless of culture.

30
Q

behavioural genetics

A

a subfield of psychology looking at the influence of genes on human behaviour.

31
Q

sociobiologists

A

theorists who believe humans have a genetically innate concept of how social behaviour should be organized.

32
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

a field of study believing that the body and brain are products of evolution and that genetic inheritance plays an important role in shaping the complete range of thoughts and behaviours.

33
Q

collectivist

A

a culture whose members focus more on the needs of the group and less on individual desires.

34
Q

individualistic

A

a culture that places the wants or desires of the person over the needs of the group

35
Q

goals of psychology

A

The goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and control behaviour and mental processes.

psych 100 (8 decks)

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