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Physiology > Cerebrospinal fluid and blood brain barrier > Flashcards

Cerebrospinal fluid and blood brain barrier Flashcards

1
Q

what 3 structures help stabilize neurons in the CNS?

A

BBB, choroid plexus, CSF

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2
Q

what is continuous with CSF?

A

interstitial fluid

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3
Q

what contains the brain?

A

cranial meninges

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4
Q

what are the 3 layers of the crainal meninges?

A

dura matter
arachnoid matter
pia matter

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5
Q

which layer of the meninges has CSF?

A

arachnoid mater

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6
Q

what are the series of chambers in the CNS called?

A

ventricles

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7
Q

what are ventricles filled with?

A

CSF and ependymal cells

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8
Q

how many ventricles are there?

A

two lateral ventricles
third ventricle
4th ventricle

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9
Q

how are the ventricles connected in the brain and spinal cord?

A

brain - aqueducts
spinal cord - central canal

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10
Q

what are ependymal cells?

A

line brain surface, ventricles, and choroid plexus

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11
Q

what are the 3 main functions of ependymal cells in the CNS?

A
  1. proliferation -> stem cells -> new neurons and glial cells in brain
  2. produce CSF from plasma
  3. form and circulate CSF
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12
Q

what can disrupting the movement of the cilia on the brain do?

A

affect movement of CSF

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13
Q

what is the circulation of CSF

A

intraventricular foramina -> third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> forth ventricle -> lateral and median apertures -> subarachnoid space -> arachnoid granulations in superior sagittal sinus -> venous circulation

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14
Q

where does removal of CSF occur?

A

sagittal sinus

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15
Q

how is CSF removed through the sagittal sinus?

A

CSF absorbed across arachnoid villi into venous circulation by drainage into lymphatic vessels

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16
Q

where is the dorsal sagittal sinus located?

A

between two hemispheres of the brain

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17
Q

is the removal of CSF pressure dependent - how?

A

yes - pressure of CSF is greater than low pressure venous system

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18
Q

what does the pressure difference between the CSF and venous system create?

A

bulk one-way flow of fluid

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19
Q

what is hydrocephalus?

A

increased CSF volume in skull associated with increased intracranial pressure

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20
Q

what is non-communicating hydrocephalus?

A

blockage of CSF movement through cerebral aqueduct or lateral/media apertures

21
Q

what is another name for non-communicating hydrocephalus?

A

internal hydrocephalus

22
Q

what is communicating hydrocephalus?

A

impairment of absorption into the dorsal sagittal sinus

23
Q

what is another name for communicating hydrocephalus?

A

external hydrocephalus

24
Q

what is a treatment for hydrocephalus?

A

ventriculo-peritoneal shunt

25
Q

where is the pressure increasing in internal hydrocephalus?

A

ventricles expand -> pressure inc

26
Q

where is the pressure increase in external hydrocephalus?

A

outside of the brain

27
Q

what are the two locations of a spinal tap?

A

cisterna magna
subarachnoid space in lumbar spina column

28
Q

when collecting CSF for a suspected lesion where do you collect?

A

whichever site it closest to the suspected lesion

29
Q

which is riskier cisterna magna or lumbar spinal column for a spinal tap?

A

cisterna magna - risk of cerebella herniation

30
Q

what does CSF analysis asses?

A

inflammatory processes

31
Q

what is CSF formed by?

A

choroid plexus

32
Q

what is formed by selective movement of solutes across BBB?

A

CSF and brain interstitial fluid

33
Q

what creates the osmotic gradient for water to be taken into the CSF?

A

inward flux of Na, HCO3, and Cl

34
Q

what are the components of the BBB?

A

endothelial cells
basement membrane
glia

35
Q

what are the cell to cell connections in the BBB?

A

tight junction
adherence junctions
desmosomes

36
Q

what is the BBB ineffective against?

A

substances that can diffuse through the plasma membrane ex. steroid

37
Q

Brain capillaries consist of ________ linked by _________ that interact with ________ and _________ to selectively control movement of materials into the brain

A

Brain capillaries consist of endothelial cells linked by tight junctions that interact with astrocytes and pericytes to selectively control movement of materials into the brain

38
Q

where is the BBB absent?

A

certain areas that need to monitor chemical composition of blood and release hormones to the body - vomiting center and hypothalamus

39
Q

what are the selective entry mechanisms of the BBB?

A

diffusion of lipid soluble substances
receptor mediated transport

40
Q

what are lipid soluble substances that can diffuse into the brain?

A

ketone bodies - energy source for brain during starvation
CO2 - inc protein conc. in brain interstitial fluid

41
Q

what is responsible for low level basal glucose uptake into the BBB in endothelial cells and astrocytes?

A

GLUT1

42
Q

what is a high affinity isoform that is main present in neurons that will facilitate movement of glucose?

A

GLUT3

43
Q

what is P-glycoprotein?

A

transports large lipophilic molecules out of CSF

44
Q

what is another name for P-gp?

A

MDR1

45
Q

what drug temporarily inhibits the BBB?

A

amitriptyline

46
Q

what are macrocyclic lactones?

A

avermectins and milbemycins
broad antiparasitic

47
Q

why cant collies have ivermectin?

A

MDR1 has a mutation that allows ivermectin pass BBB -> ivermectin binding to GABA channels impairing signaling -> neurological symptoms

48
Q

compare CSF and blood serum

A

low K+ and fewer larger proteins
similar osmolarity

Physiology (8 decks)

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