Cerebral palsy

Question 1

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 1

Injury and/or disease prior to, during, or shortly after birth resulting in brain damage and secondary neurological and muscular deficits

May be accompanied with seizure, intellectual and/or behavioral disorders

Detected usually by 12 months of age (initially present with hypotonia)

Persistence of primitive reflexes contributes to diagnosis

Question 2

Spastic cerebral palsy

Answer 2

Lesion in motor cortex

Spasticity
Will express itself with hypertonia (increase muscle tone) or hyperreflexia (increase intensity of reflexes)

Question 3

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy

Answer 3

Basal ganglia

Fluctuation in muscle tone

Question 4

Dystonia

Answer 4

Excessive or inadequate muscle tone

Question 5

Athetosis

Answer 5

Spasmodic involuntary movements more distal than proximal

Question 6

Chorea

Answer 6

Spasmodic involuntary movement more proximal than distal and a lack of cocontractions

Question 7

Ataxis cerebral palsy

Answer 7

Cerebellum

Hypotonia, instability, primitive movement patterns

Question 8

Strabismus

Answer 8

Deviation of how one eye aligns with the other

Question 9

Nystagmus

Answer 9

A reflexive response of the eyes triggered by head movement

Question 10

Refractive errors

Answer 10

Myopia (nearsightedness
Hyperopia (farsightedness)
Presbyopia: decreased elasticity of the lenses causing diff. focusing on object nearby and when shifting focus to objects far away