Cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 1

What type of tremor may result from a cerebellar lesion?

Answer 1

Intention tremor

Question 2

A positive Romberg sign (loss of balance when the eyes are closed) suggests a lesion to which tract of the CNS?

Answer 2

Dentothalamic tract (the main cerebellar pathway) or dorsal column (tabes dorsalis in neurosyphilis)

Question 3

What thalamic nucleus/nuclei relays Vision

Answer 3

Lateral geniculate nucleus (“Lateral to Look”)

Question 4

What thalamic nucleus/nuclei relays Hearing

Answer 4

Medial geniculate nucleus (“Medial for Music”)

Question 5

What thalamic nucleus/nuclei relays Proprioception, pain, pressure, touch, vibration

Answer 5

Lateral portion of ventral posteriornucleus (VPL, “Posterior for Proprioception, Pain”)

Question 6

What thalamic nucleus/nuclei relays Facial sensation

Answer 6

Medial portion of ventral posterior nucleus (VML)

Question 7

What thalamic nucleus/nuclei relays Motor

Answer 7

Ventral anterior/lateral nuclei

Question 8

What thalamic nucleus/nuclei relays Limbic function

Answer 8

Dorsomedial, anterior nuclei

Question 9

Name the largest thalamic nucleus:

Answer 9

Pulvinar

Question 10

What is the function of the pulvinar?

Answer 10

Integration of visual, auditory, and somesthetic input

Question 11

Which portion of the internal capsule contains fibers of the corticobulbar tract?

Answer 11

The genu

Question 12

Which portion of the internal capsule contains fibers of the corticospinal, spinothalamic, visual, and auditory tracts?

Answer 12

The posterior limb

Question 13

Which arteries supply the posterior limb of the internal capsule?

Answer 13

Perforating branches of the anteriorchoroidal artery and lenticulostriate arteries

Question 14

What hypothalamic nucleus regulates the release of gonadotropic hormones

Answer 14

Medial preoptic nucleus (which contains the sexually dimorphic nucleus)

Question 15

What hypothalamic nucleus regulates the circadian rhythms

Answer 15

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 16

What hypothalamic nucleus regulates body temperature

Answer 16

Anterior nucleus (lesion results in hyperthermia) and posterior nucleus (lesion results in poikilothermia)

Question 17

What hypothalamic nucleus regulates water balance, synthesis of antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin, and corticotropin-releasing factor

Answer 17

Paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei

Question 18

What hypothalamic nucleus regulates appetite

Answer 18

VentroMedial nucleus (lesion resulting from eating Very Much [hyperphagia, obesity]) and lateral hypothalamic nucleus (lesions cause anorexia and starvation)

Question 19

What hypothalamic nucleus regulates the hypothalamus

Answer 19

Arcuate or infundibular nucleus

Question 20

What hypothalamic nucleus regulates emotional expression

Answer 20

Mammillary nucleus (a component of the limbic system)

Question 21

What are the major structures of the Papez circuit?

Answer 21

Septal area, mammillary body, anteriornucleus of thalamus, cingulate gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampal formation

Question 22

What is the most epileptogenic part of the cerebrum?

Answer 22

The hippocampus

Question 23

What system within the CNS plays a central role in the initiation and coordination of somatic motor activity?

Answer 23

The striatal or extrapyramidal motor system

Question 24

What are the major components of the striatal motor system?

Answer 24

Neocortex, basal ganglia (striatum [caudate + putamen], globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra), and thalamus