Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience Deja Review USMLE 1 > Autonomic Nervous system > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous system Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Sympathetic effect on Eyes

A

Pupillary dilation (α1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sympathetic effect on Salivary glands

A

Increased thick, viscous secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sympathetic effect on Bronchioles

A

Bronchodilation (β2), ↑ secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sympathetic effect on Heart

A

Tachycardia (β1), ↑ contractility (β1), ↑ AV nodal conduction (β1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sympathetic effect on Vascular smooth muscle

A

Vasoconstriction of cutaneous mucous membrane and splanchnic vessels (α1); vasodilation in skeletal muscle (β2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sympathetic effect on Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

A

↓ Muscle motility and tone (β2), contraction of sphincters (α1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sympathetic effect on Male sex organs

A

Ejaculation (α2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sympathetic effect on Uterus

A

Relaxation (β2), contraction (α1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sympathetic effect on Bladder and ureters

A

Relaxation of detrusor (β2) contraction of trigone and sphincter (α1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sympathetic effect on Sweat glands

A

↑ Secretions (muscarinic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sympathetic effect on Kidneys

A

↑ Renin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sympathetic effect on Adipocytes

A

↑ Lipolysis (β1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sympathetic effect on Pancreas

A

↓ Insulin secretion (α2), ↑ insulin secretion (β2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Eyes

A

Pupillary constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Bronchioles

A

Bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Heart

A

Bradycardia, ↓ contractility, ↓ AV nodal conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Parasympathetic effect on GI tract

A

↑ Motility, relaxation of sphincters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Male sex organs

A

Erection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Bladder and ureters

A

Contraction of detrusor, relaxation of sphincters and trigone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of cholinergic receptor mediates all of the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Muscarinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of motor fiber innervates extrafusal muscle fibers?

A

A-alpha (A-α)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of motor fiber innervates intrafusal muscle fibers?

A

A-gamma (A-γ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of Ia (A-α) fibers

A

Proprioception, muscle spindles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of Ib fibers

A

Proprioception, Golgi tendon organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of II (A-β) fibers

A

Touch, pressure, and vibration; secondary afferents of muscle spindles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the function of III (A-δ) fibers

A

Touch, pressure, fast pain, and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the function of IV (c) fibers

A

Slow pain and temperature (unmyelinated)

28
Q

What types of sensory fibers have the largest diameter and consequently the fastest conduction velocity?

A

Ia and Ib

29
Q

What type of motor fibers have the largest diameter and consequently the fastest conduction velocity?

A

A-α

30
Q

What type of sensory fibers have the smallest diameter and consequently the slowest conduction velocity?

A

C

31
Q

What is the electrochemical effect of an inward Na+ current on a sensory fiber?

A

Depolarization

32
Q

What is the function of the Sensory receptor

A

Translates environmental stimulus into an electrical impulse

33
Q

What is the function of the First-order neuron

A

Carries impulse from sensory receptor into central nervous system (CNS)

34
Q

What is the function of the Second-order neuron

A

Carries impulse from primary neuron to the thalamus

35
Q

What is the function of the Third-order neuron

A

Carries impulse from second-order neuron to the cerebral cortex

36
Q

What is the function of the Fourth-order neuron

A

Carries impulses from third-order neurons to appropriate somatosensory area of cerebral cortex

37
Q

Onion-like subcutaneous receptors that respond to vibration and tapping

A

Pacinian corpuscle

38
Q

Primary receptors of the dermal papillae that mediate two-point tactile discrimination

A

Meissner corpuscle

39
Q

Encapsulated receptor that responds to pressure

A

Ruffini corpuscle

40
Q

Disc-shaped touch receptor of the deep dermis

A

Merkel tactile disc

41
Q

Rods or cones?
Sensitive to low-intensity light

A

Rods

42
Q

Rods or cones?
Sensitive to high-intensity light

A

Cones

43
Q

Rods or cones?
Receptor used primarily for night vision

A

Rods

44
Q

Rods or cones?
Receptor used primarily for day vision

A

Cones

45
Q

Rods or cones?
Present in fovea

A

Cones

46
Q

Rods or cones?
High visual acuity

A

Cones

47
Q

Rods or cones?
Receptor which adjusts to low light conditions most rapidly

A

Cones

48
Q

Rods or cones?
Receptor capable of color vision

A

Cones

49
Q

Muscle sensor that detects static and dynamic changes in muscle length

A

Muscle spindles

50
Q

Muscle sensor that detects muscle tension

A

Golgi tendon organs

51
Q

Muscle sensor that detects vibration

A

Pacinian corpuscles

52
Q

Muscle sensor that detects pain

A

Free nerve endings

53
Q

What type of motoneuron is responsible for ensuring that a muscle will respond appropriately throughout contraction, despite changes in tension?

A

γ-Motoneurons

54
Q

What type of muscle reflex, mediated by type Ia afferent fibers, causes muscle contraction in response to muscle stretch?

A

Stretch or myotatic reflex

55
Q

What type of muscle reflex, mediated by type Ib afferent fibers, causes muscle relaxation in response to muscle contraction?

A

Golgi tendon reflex

56
Q

What type of muscle reflex, mediated by types II, III, and IV afferent fibers, causes ipsilateral flexion and contralateral extension?

A

Flexor withdrawal reflex

57
Q

What are the components of the afferent limb of a myotatic reflex arc?

A

Muscle spindle receptor → Ia fiber → dorsal root ganglion

58
Q

What comprises the efferent limb of a myotatic reflex arc?

A

Ventral motor neuron

59
Q

Muscle group and spinal level of Ankle jerk

A

Gastrocnemius (S1)

60
Q

Muscle group and spinal level of Knee jerk

A

Quadriceps (L2-L4)

61
Q

Muscle group and spinal level of Biceps jerk Biceps

A

(C5-C6)

62
Q

Muscle group and spinal level of Forearm jerk

A

Brachioradialis (C5-C6)

63
Q

Muscle group and spinal level of Triceps jerk

A

Triceps (C7-C8)

64
Q

What type of posturing is caused by a transecting lesion above the level of the medulla but below the midbrain?

A

Decerebrate rigidity

65
Q

What type of posturing is caused by a transecting lesion above the level of the red nucleus (midbrain)?

A

Decorticate rigidity

66
Q

What are the three layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A
  1. Granular layer (innermost)
  2. Purkinje layer (middle)
  3. Molecular layer (outermost)
67
Q

Which is the major NT of cerebellar Purkinje cells?

A

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Note: The output of Purkinje cells is always inhibitory.

Neuroscience Deja Review USMLE 1 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions