Axonal transport and spinal tracts

Question 1

Name the cytoplasmic structure in the nerve cell body and dendrites that are involved in protein synthesis:

Answer 1

Nissl substance

Question 2

Transport responsible for delivery of synthesized NTs away from the cell body

Answer 2

Fast anterograde axonal transport

Question 3

Transport responsible for delivery of cytoskeletal and cytoplasmic components away from the cell body

Answer 3

Slow anterograde transport

Question 4

Transport responsible for returning material to the cell body for degradation

Answer 4

Fast retrograde transport

Question 5

Kinesin-dependent transport

Answer 5

Fast anterograde axonal transport

Question 6

Dynein-dependent transport

Answer 6

Fast retrograde transport

Question 7

Transport responsible for carrying nerve growth factor, viruses, and toxins to cell bodies

Answer 7

Fast retrograde transport

Question 8

Name the process of anterograde axonal and myelin degeneration accompanied by Schwann cell proliferation:

Answer 8

Wallerian degeneration

Question 9

What spinal tract is responsible for Voluntary control of skeletal muscle

Answer 9

Lateral corticospinal/pyramidal tract

Question 10

What spinal tract is responsible for Sensation of pain and temperature

Answer 10

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 11

What spinal tract is responsible for Two-point discrimination and vibratory sensation

Answer 11

Dorsal column-medial lemniscus tract

Question 12

What spinal tract is responsible for Control of facial muscles

Answer 12

Corticobulbar tract

Question 13

What spinal tract is responsible for Coordination of muscle tone, posture, balance, and motor activity

Answer 13

Dentothalamic tract

Question 14

Describe the major difference between the innervation of the lower and upper facial muscles.

Answer 14

Corticobulbar fibers innervate the lower facial muscles unilaterally, while upper facial muscles are innervated bilaterally

Question 15

Name the structure in the spinal cord composed of ascending fibers of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway originating in the upper extremities:

Answer 15

Cuneate fasciculus

Question 16

Name the structure in the spinal cord composed of ascending fibers of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway originating in the lower extremities:

Answer 16

Gracile fasciculus (medial to cuneate fasciculus)

Question 17

At what level of the brainstem do fibers of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway cross?

Answer 17

Caudal medulla

Question 18

What type of receptors provide input to the lateral spinothalamic tract?

Answer 18

Free nerve endings

Question 19

At what level do fibers of the spinothalamic tract cross?

Answer 19

At the same level or 1 to 2 levels above/below where they enter the spinal cord

Question 20

Name the structure where fibers of the lateral spinothalamic tract cross the midline:

Answer 20

Ventral white commissure/anterior commisure

Question 21

Where do fibers of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway, the trigeminothalamic, and lateral spinothalamic tract all terminate?

Answer 21

The sensory cortex (Brodmann areas 3, 1, and 2)

Question 22

What part of the cortex gives rise to the fibers of the lateral corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts?

Answer 22

The motor, premotor, and sensory areas of the cortex (Brodmann areas 6, 4, and 3, 1, 2)

Question 23

Fibers of the lateral corticospinal tract pass through which limb of the internal capsule?

Answer 23

Posterior limb

Question 24

Name the structure where fibers of the lateral corticospinal tract cross the midline:

Answer 24

Medullary pyramids

Question 25

UMN or LMN sign?
Spastic paresis

Answer 25

UMN

Question 26

UMN or LMN sign?
Flaccid paralysis

Answer 26

LMN

Question 27

UMN or LMN sign?
 Babinski sign (upgoing toes)

Answer 27

UMN

Question 28

UMN or LMN sign?
Fasciculations and fibrillations

Answer 28

LMN

Question 29

UMN or LMN sign?
Areflexia

Answer 29

LMN

Question 30

UMN or LMN sign?
Atrophy

Answer 30

LMN

Question 31

UMN or LMN sign?
Hyperreflexia

Answer 31

UMN