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DPT 671 - Neuroanatomy > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellum is involved in?

A
  • Coordination of ongoing movement.
  • Once the movements are ongoing, then the cerebellum has a critical role to play in coordinating their ongoing activity.
  • 10% of the brain
  • 4 times as many neurons in the cerebral cortex.
  • Coordinates movement and postural control (balance).
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2
Q

Cerebellum means

A

little brain

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3
Q

Severe damage to the cerebellum interferes with?

A
  • coordination of movement and postural control.
  • Severe damage to the cerebellum does NOT interferes with sensory perception or muscle strength.
  • Massive amounts of sensory information enter the cerebellum; cerebellar output is vital for normal movement and postural control.
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4
Q

Gross Anatomy of the Cerebellum

What view?

A

Midsagittal section showing cerebellar peduncles and lobes the cerebellum.

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5
Q

Gross Anatomy of the Cerebellum

What view?

A

Posterior view of cerebellum

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6
Q

Gross Anatomy of the Cerebellum

What view?

A

Anterior view of cerebellum with the brainstem removed.

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7
Q

Gross Anatomy of the Cerebellum

What view?

A

Coronal section of cerebellum, revealing the cerebellar nuclei.

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8
Q

Vertical Sections of the Cerebellum

Vertically, the cerebellum can be divided into these sections?

A
  1. Midline vermis
  2. Paravermal hemisphere
  3. Lateral hemisphere

Each vertical section is associated with specific class of function.

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9
Q

Functional Regions of Cerebellum

Three functional regions/divisions of the Cerebellum?

A
  1. Spinocerebellum (functional name for vermis and paravermal regions) = Integrates proprioceptive information, activity levels of neurons in the spinal cord and motor commands to coordinate trunk and gross limb movements.
  2. Cerebrocerebellum (functional name for lateral hemisphere) = Coordinates precise, distal voluntary movements.
  3. Vestibulocerebellum (flocculonodular lobe; flocculus and nodulus) = Integrates visual and vestibular input to coordinate motor activities for posture, head and eye movements.
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10
Q

Functional Divisions of the Cerebellum

Three broad classes of human movements are:

A
  1. Equilibrium: Is regulated by the vestibulocerebellum (flocculonodular lobe) that receives information from vestibular receptors, and sends information to the vestibular nuclei; influence eye movements and postural muscles.
  2. Gross movements of the limbs: Are coordinated by the spinocerebellum which receives proprioceptive information from muscle spindles and control ongoing movements through motor tracts and lower motor neurons.
  3. Fine, distal, voluntary movements: Are coordinated by the cerebrocerebellum that is related to processing in the cerebral cortex and coordinate movements via lateral corticospinal tracts.
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11
Q
  • Receives input from ipsilateral vestibular apparatus and ipsilateral vestibular nuclei in the brainstem?

and

  • Integrates visual and vestibular input to coordinate motor activities for posture, head and eye movements?
A

Vestibulocerebellum = Integrates visual and vestibular input to coordinate motor activities for posture, head and eye movements

  • Cerebellum receives information about head movement and head position with respect to gravity.
  • Efferent project to vestibular nuclei that influence postural control via lateral and medial vestibulospinal tract.
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12
Q

Integrates proprioceptive information, activity levels of neurons in the spinal cord and motor commands to coordinate trunk and gross limb movements?

A) spinocerebellum
B) cerebrocerebellum
C) vestibulocerebellum

A

Contributes to coordination of voluntary movements, automatic movements, and postural adjustments through connections with various brainstem nuclei and the cortex

Spinocerebellum (vermis & paravermal regions) = Integrates proprioceptive information, activity levels of neurons in the spinal cord and motor commands to coordinate trunk and gross limb movements.

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13
Q

Coordination of voluntary movements via influence on rubrospinal and corticospinal tracts?

A

Cerebrocebellum (functional name for lateral hemisphere) = Coordinates precise, distal voluntary movements.

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14
Q

What is the Blue region?

A

Spinocerebellum (functional name for vermis and paravermal regions) = Integrates proprioceptive information, activity levels of neurons in the spinal cord and motor commands to coordinate trunk and gross limb movements

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15
Q

What is the Purple region?

A

Vestibulocerebellum (flocculonodular lobe; flocculus and nodulus) = Integrates visual and vestibular input to coordinate motor activities for posture, head and eye movements

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16
Q

What is the Green region?

A

Cerebrocerebellum (functional name for lateral hemisphere) = Coordinates precise, distal voluntary movements

17
Q

Vestibulocerebellum

  • Receives input from?
  • Send output to?
  • Function?
A

Vestibulocerebellum

  • Receives input from = Vestibular apparatus, Vestibular nuclei
  • Send output to = Vestibular nuclei
  • Function = coordinate eye and head movements
18
Q

Spinocerebellum
(Vermal and paravermal section)

  • Receives input from?
  • Send output to?
  • Function?
A

Spinocerebellum

  • Receives input from = Spinal cord, Vestibular nuclei
  • Send output to = Vestibular nuclei, Reticular nuclei, Motor cortex
  • Function = neck and postural muscles, bilateral postural muscles and gross limb movements, neck, shoulder and trunk muscles
19
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

  • Receives input from?
  • Send output to?
  • Function?
A

Cerebrocerebellum

  • Receives input from = Cerebreal cortex
  • Send output to = Motor cortex, Red nucleus
  • Function = Lateral corticospinal tract (fine movements), Rubrospinal tract (extend wrist and fingers).
20
Q

Cerebellum contains three groups of peduncles:

A
  1. Superior peduncle = midbrain
  2. Middle peduncle = pons
  3. Inferior peduncle = medulla
21
Q

Cerebellar Clinical Disorders

Ataxia describes?

A
  • Uncoordinated, normal-strength, jerky, and inaccurate movements that are not due to hypertonia or contracture.
  • Ataxia is the movement disorder common to all lesions of the cerebellum.
22
Q

Cerebellar Clinical Disorders

Examples of Cerebellar Clinical Disorders include?

A
  • Intentional tremors
  • Dysdiadochokinesia
  • Dysmetria
  • Dysarthria
  • Decomposition
23
Q

Cerebellar Clinical Disorders

Paravermal lesions result in?

A

Paravermal lesions result in gait and limb ataxia

24
Q

Cerebellar Clinical Disorders

Lateral cerebellar lesions result in?

A

Lateral cerebellar lesions result in hand ataxia.

25
Q

Cerebellar Clinical Disorders

Lesions to vermal and flocculonodular lobe result in?

A
  • Truncal ataxia/ gait ataxia
  • Nystagmus
26
Q

Cerebellar Clinical Disorders

Unilateral lesions of the cerebellum affect?

A

Unilateral lesions of the cerebellum affect the same side of the body.

DPT 671 - Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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