Brainstem Region Flashcards
1
Q
Main parts of the human central nervous system
A
- Prosencephalon - Forebrain
- Mesencephalon - Midbrain
- Phombencephalon - Hindbrain
- Spinal cord
2
Q
A
- Dura Mater:
- Periosteal layer
- Meningeal later
3
Q
A
Arachnoid mater
4
Q
A
Pia mater
5
Q
Main Components of Brainstem:
Four functional groupings:
A
- Cranial nerve nuclei and related structures =
- Long tracts =
- Cerebellar circuits (lesion can cause wide based ataxic gait) =
- Reticular formation and related structures =
- Consciousness
- Autonomic functions
6
Q
Longitudinal Sections of the Brainstem:
Brainstem is divided longitudinally into two sections:
A
- Basilar (anterior) - descending tracts = located anteriorly and contains predominantly motor system structures:
- Descending axons from the cerebral cortex: corticospinal, corticobrainstem, corticopontine, corticoreticular tracts
- Motor nuclei: substantia nigra, pontine nuclei, inferior olive
- Tegmentum (posterior)= located posteriorly
- Sensory nuclei and ascending sensory tracts
- Cranial nerve nuclei
- The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF): tract that coordinates eye and head movements
- The reticular formation (adjusts the general level of neural activity in the CNS)
- Midbrain has an additional longitudinal section, posterior to the tegmentum, called the tectum
7
Q
Tectum in midbrain includes structures involved in?
A
Tectum in midbrain includes structures involved in reflexive control of intrinsic and extrinsic eye muscles and in movements of the head:
- Pretectal area (pupillary and consensual reflex will be discussed later)
- Superior and inferior colliculi
8
Q
Cranial Nerves in:
- Forebrain
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla
A
- Forebrain = 1, 2
- Midbrain = 3, 4
- Pons = 5,6,7,8
- Medulla = 9,10,11,12
9
Q
Cranial Nerve?
A
CN 2: Optic Nerve
10
Q
Cranial Nerve?
A
CN 3: Oculomotor Nerve
11
Q
Cranial Nerve?
A
CN 4: Trochlear Nerve
12
Q
Cranial Nerve?
A
13
Q
Cranial Nerve?
A
14
Q
Cranial Nerve?
A
15
Q
Cranial Nerve?
A