Brainstem Region Flashcards

1
Q

Main parts of the human central nervous system

A
  1. Prosencephalon - Forebrain
  2. Mesencephalon - Midbrain
  3. Phombencephalon - Hindbrain
  4. Spinal cord
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2
Q
A
  • Dura Mater:
  • Periosteal layer
  • Meningeal later
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3
Q
A

Arachnoid mater

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4
Q
A

Pia mater

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5
Q

Main Components of Brainstem:

Four functional groupings:

A
  1. Cranial nerve nuclei and related structures =
  2. Long tracts =
  3. Cerebellar circuits (lesion can cause wide based ataxic gait) =
  4. Reticular formation and related structures =
  • Consciousness
  • Autonomic functions
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6
Q

Longitudinal Sections of the Brainstem:

Brainstem is divided longitudinally into two sections:

A
  1. Basilar (anterior) - descending tracts = located anteriorly and contains predominantly motor system structures:
  • Descending axons from the cerebral cortex: corticospinal, corticobrainstem, corticopontine, corticoreticular tracts
  • Motor nuclei: substantia nigra, pontine nuclei, inferior olive
  1. Tegmentum (posterior)= located posteriorly
  • Sensory nuclei and ascending sensory tracts
  • Cranial nerve nuclei
  • The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF): tract that coordinates eye and head movements
  • The reticular formation (adjusts the general level of neural activity in the CNS)
  • Midbrain has an additional longitudinal section, posterior to the tegmentum, called the tectum
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7
Q

Tectum in midbrain includes structures involved in?

A

Tectum in midbrain includes structures involved in reflexive control of intrinsic and extrinsic eye muscles and in movements of the head:

  • Pretectal area (pupillary and consensual reflex will be discussed later)
  • Superior and inferior colliculi
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8
Q

Cranial Nerves in:

  • Forebrain
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla
A
  • Forebrain = 1, 2
  • Midbrain = 3, 4
  • Pons = 5,6,7,8
  • Medulla = 9,10,11,12
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9
Q

Cranial Nerve?

A

CN 2: Optic Nerve

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10
Q

Cranial Nerve?

A

CN 3: Oculomotor Nerve

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11
Q

Cranial Nerve?

A

CN 4: Trochlear Nerve

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12
Q

Cranial Nerve?

A
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13
Q

Cranial Nerve?

A
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14
Q

Cranial Nerve?

A
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15
Q

Cranial Nerve?

A
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16
Q

Cranial Nerve?

A
17
Q

Cranial Nerve?

A
18
Q

Cranial Nerve?

A
19
Q

Cranial Nerve?

A
20
Q
A