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DPT 671 - Neuroanatomy > Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

A

Dorsal root ganglion =

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2
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

A

Dorsal root =

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3
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

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green

A

Dura mater (meninges) =

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4
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

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green

A

Arachnoid (Spinal cord - meninges)

  • Separated from the pia by cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space
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5
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

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green

A

Pia mater (meninges) =

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6
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

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green

A

Meninges =

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7
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

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green

A

Dorsal ramus = Branch of the spinal nerve that contains nerves that serve the dorsal parts of the trunk, carries sensory information to and from the skin and muscles of the back.

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8
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

A

Ventral ramus

  • Innervates skin and muscles on the anterior aspect of the trunk, limbs, also provide the spinal contributions to all major neural plexuses.
  • As such, they are responsible for the majority of the body’s sensorimotor innervation
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9
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

A

Ventral root =

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10
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

A

Spinal cord =

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11
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

A

Spinal nerve =

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12
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Which (segment) vertbrae?

A

cervical

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13
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Which (segment) vertbrae?

A

Thoracic

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14
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Which (segment) vertbrae?

A

Lumbar

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15
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

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A

Dorsal root ganglion =

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16
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

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blue

A

Sympathetic chain =

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17
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

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blue

A

White matter =

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18
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

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blue

A

Gray matter =

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19
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

blue

A

Ventral root =

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20
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

blue

A

Dorsal root =

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21
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

blue

A

Sympathetic chain ganglia =

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22
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

blue

A

Spinal nerves

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23
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

  • Supply both the viscera (autonomic) and somatic structures
  • Somatic _ ? _ are usually mixed: consisting of the sensory, autonomic, and motor axons
A

Peripheral Nerves:

  • Cutaneous branches supply the skin and subcutaneous tissues, including sensory and autonomic related information;
  • muscular branches supply the muscles, tendons, and joints
  • Peripheral axons are classified according to diameter and speed of conduction
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24
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Cell bodies of motor neurons are located in = ?

Ventral and Dorsal roots

A
  • Cell bodies of motor neurons are located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.
  • Their axons leave the anterolateral cord in small groups called rootlets.
  • Ventral rootlets form a single segment to form ventral root.
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25
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Dorsal root contain _ ? _ axons that bring information into the spinal cord.

Ventral and Dorsal roots

A
  • Dorsal root contain sensory axons that bring information into the spinal cord and enters the posterolateral spinal cord via rootlets.
  • Dorsal roots contain dorsal root ganglion located outside the spinal cord.
  • Dorsal root ganglion contains cell bodies of sensory neurons.
  • Fibers for proprioceptive and touch information are located medially and small diameter fibers transmitting nociception and temperature information are located laterally
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26
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Dorsal and ventral root join briefly to form = ?

Ventral and Dorsal roots

A
  • Dorsal and ventral root join briefly to form spinal nerve.
  • Spinal nerve is mixed nerve because it contains bothsensory, autonomic and motor axons.
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27
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

  • Dorsal horn processes= ?
  • Ventral/ anterior horn processes= ?
  • Lateral horn processes = ?

Internal structure of the spinal cord

A

Much of the gray matter is composed of spinal interneurons and cell bodies:

  • Dorsal horn processes = sensory information
  • Ventral/ anterior horn processes = motor information
  • Lateral horn processes = autonomic information
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28
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Spinal cord segments:

  • cervical = ?
  • thoracic = ?
  • lumbar = ?
  • sacral = ?
  • coccygeal = ?

Internal structure of the spinal cord

A

Spinal cord segments:

  • cervical = 8
  • thoracic = 12
  • lumbar = 5
  • sacral = 5
  • coccygeal = 1
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29
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Spinal cord is continuous with _ ? _ and ends at _ ? _

Internal structure of the spinal cord

A

Spinal cord is continuous with medulla and ends at L1-L2 intervertebral space in adults.

30
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

  • The L2-S5 nerve roots travel downward below the end of the spinal cord before exiting the vertebral canal.
  • This collection of nerveroots inferior to the spinal cord within the bony canal is = ?
A

The L2-S5 nerveroots travel downward below the end of the spinal cord before exiting the vertebral canal. This collection of nerveroots inferior to the spinal cord within the bony canal is the cauda equina.

31
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

How many pairs of spinal nerves ?

Spinal nerves and Rami

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves

  • 8 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral and
  • 1 coccygeal

(part of peripheral nervous system)

32
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Which vertebral bodies ?

33
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Which vertebral bodies ?

34
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Which vertebral bodies ?

35
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Which vertebral bodies ?

36
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Which vertebral bodies ?

37
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Bundle of connective tissue and glia that connects the end of the cord to the coccyx= ?

A

Inferior to the end of the spinal cord is the filum terminale, bundle of connective tissue and glia that connects the end of the cord to the coccyx.

38
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

The branches of the dorsal rami are responsible for innervating the nerve’s paraspinous muscles (the nerve’s myotome (and skin of the back (the nerve’s dermatome) related to the ramus’ _ ? _

A

The branches of the dorsal rami are responsible for innervating paraspinous muscles (the nerve’s myotome) and skin of the back (the nerve’s dermatome) related to the ramus’ vertebral level.

39
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

The ventral rami innervates ?

A
  • The ventral rami innervates skin and muscles on the anterior aspect of the trunk, limbs, also provide the spinal contributions to all major neural plexuses.
  • As such, they are responsible for the majority of the body’s sensorimotor innervation.
40
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Cervical region:
Anterior (ventral) division = ?

plexus

A

Cervical region:
Anterior (ventral) division = cervical plexus, brachial plexus

41
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Thoracic region:
Anterior division = ?

plexus

A

Thoracic region:
Anterior division = intercostal nerves

42
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Lumbar region:
Anterior division = ?

plexus

A

Lumbar region:
Anterior division = lumbar plexus, sacral plexus

plexus

43
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Sacral region = ?

plexus

A

Sacral region = Sacral plexus, lumbosacral plexus

44
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Coccygeal region = ?

plexus

A

Coccygeal region = Coccygeal plexus

45
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Spinal cord section that give rise to one spinal nerve = ?

A
  • Spinal cord section that give rise to one spinal nerve is considered as a segment.
  • The connection of nerve rootlets to the exterior of the cord indicate a segment .
  • Each segment of cord is connected to a specific region of the body by axons travelling through a pair of spinal nerves.
  • Segment are identified by the same designation as their corresponding spinal nerves.
  • Axons travelling through the rootlets, roots and spinal nerves connect a spinal segment with a specific part of the body.
46
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

  • Dura is the tough = ?
  • Arachnoid is separated from the pia by = ?
  • Pia mater closely adheres to = ?
A

Are layers of connective tissue that surround the spinal cord, andare continuous with the meninges surrounding the brain.

  • Dura is the tough, outer layer
  • Arachnoid is separated from the pia by cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space
  • Pia mater closely adheres to the spinal cord surface.
47
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

  • Epidural space = ?
  • Subdural space = ?
  • Subarachnoid space = ?
A
  • Epidural space = between dura and vertebrae
  • Subdural space = between arachnoid and dura
  • Subarachnoid space = between arachnoid and pia
48
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Epidural anesthesia, catheter is placed in the = ?

A

Epidural anesthesia, catheter is placed in the epidural space (space between dura and vertebrae).

49
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

  1. Bundle of axons that convey information from spinal cord to the brain?
A
  1. Bundle of axons that convey information from spinal cord to the brain = spinal nerve?

The bundle of axons that carries information from the spinal cord to the brain is called the “spinal cord pathways” or “ascending tracts.” These tracts consist of axons that transmit sensory information such as touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception from the peripheral nerves to the brain for processing and interpretation. Some of the major ascending tracts include the spinothalamic tract, dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway, and spinocerebellar tracts.

50
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

  1. Contains all of motor, sensory and autonomic axons of a single spinal segment?
A
  1. Contains all of motor, sensory and autonomic axons of a single spinal segment= Spinal Nerve
51
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

  1. Contains cell bodies of primary sensory neurons?
A
  1. Contains cell bodies of primary sensory neurons = Dorsal root ganglia
52
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

  1. Innervates paravertebral muscles, posterior vertebral structures, and overlying cutaneous areas?
A
  1. Innervates paravertebral muscles, posterior vertebral structures, and overlying cutaneous areas= Dorsal ramus
53
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

  1. Contains sensory axons that connect with a single segment of the spinal cord?
A
  1. Contains sensory axons that connect with a single segment of the spinal cord = Spinal nerve
54
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Contains efferent axons, including axons that innervate muscles ?

A

6: Contains efferent axons, including axons that innervate muscles = Ventral Root

55
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

  • Endoneurium = ?
  • Perineurium = ?
  • Epineurium = ?
A

Consist of parallel bundles of axons (neurons) surrounded by three connective tissue sheaths:

  • Endoneurium = Separates individual axons.
  • Perineurium = Surrounds bundles of axons (fascicles).
  • Epineurium = Encloses the entire nerve trunk.
56
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

C2 innervation = ?

A

C2 innervation = head and neck movements

57
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

C3 innervation = ?

A

C3 innervation = Breathing

58
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

C4 innervation = ?

A

C4 innervation = Scapula elevation and retraction

59
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

C5 innervation = ?

A

C5 innervation = Elbow flexion

60
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

C6 innervation = ?

A

C6 innervation = Wrist extension

61
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

C7 innervation = ?

A

C7 innervation = Elbow extension

62
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

C8 innervation = ?

A

C8 innervation = Finger flexion

63
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

T1 innervation = ?

A

T1 innervation = Finger abduction; hand intrinsics

64
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

T7-T12 innervation = ?

A

T7-T12 innervation = Move, stabilize trunnk; abdominals

65
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

L2 innervation = ?

A

L2 innervation = Hip flexion and adduction

66
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

L3 innervation = ?

A

L3 innervation = Knee extension

67
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

L4 innervation = ?

A

L4 innervation = Ankle dorsiflexion

68
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

L5 innervation = ?

A

L5 innervation = Long toe extensors

69
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

S1-S2 innervation = ?

A

S1-S2 innervation = Ankle platar flexion; Triceps surae

70
Q

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

S2-S3 innervation = ?

A

S2-S3 innervation = Foot intrinsics

DPT 671 - Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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