Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Question 1

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

Answer 1

Dorsal root ganglion =

Question 2

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

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Answer 2

Dorsal root =

Question 3

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

Answer 3

Dura mater (meninges) =

Question 4

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

Answer 4

Arachnoid (Spinal cord - meninges)

• Separated from the pia by cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space

Question 5

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

Answer 5

Pia mater (meninges) =

Question 6

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

Answer 6

Meninges =

Question 7

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

Answer 7

Dorsal ramus = Branch of the spinal nerve that contains nerves that serve the dorsal parts of the trunk, carries sensory information to and from the skin and muscles of the back.

Question 8

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

Answer 8

Ventral ramus

• Innervates skin and muscles on the anterior aspect of the trunk, limbs, also provide the spinal contributions to all major neural plexuses.
• As such, they are responsible for the majority of the body’s sensorimotor innervation

Question 9

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

Answer 9

Ventral root =

Question 10

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

Answer 10

Spinal cord =

Question 11

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

green

Answer 11

Spinal nerve =

Question 12

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Which (segment) vertbrae?

Answer 12

cervical

Question 13

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Which (segment) vertbrae?

Answer 13

Thoracic

Question 14

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Which (segment) vertbrae?

Answer 14

Lumbar

Question 15

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

Answer 15

Dorsal root ganglion =

Question 16

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

blue

Answer 16

Sympathetic chain =

Question 17

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

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Answer 17

White matter =

Question 18

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

blue

Answer 18

Gray matter =

Question 19

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

blue

Answer 19

Ventral root =

Question 20

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

blue

Answer 20

Dorsal root =

Question 21

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

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Answer 21

Sympathetic chain ganglia =

Question 22

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Identify

blue

Answer 22

Spinal nerves

Question 23

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

• Supply both the viscera (autonomic) and somatic structures
• Somatic _ ? _ are usually mixed: consisting of the sensory, autonomic, and motor axons

Answer 23

Peripheral Nerves:

• Cutaneous branches supply the skin and subcutaneous tissues, including sensory and autonomic related information;
• muscular branches supply the muscles, tendons, and joints
• Peripheral axons are classified according to diameter and speed of conduction

Question 24

Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves

Cell bodies of motor neurons are located in = ?

Ventral and Dorsal roots

Answer 24

• Cell bodies of motor neurons are located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.
• Their axons leave the anterolateral cord in small groups called rootlets.
• Ventral rootlets form a single segment to form ventral root.

Question 25

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Dorsal root contain _ **?** _ axons that bring information into the spinal cord. ## Footnote Ventral and Dorsal roots 

Answer 25

* Dorsal root contain **sensory** axons that bring information into the spinal cord and enters the **posterolateral spinal** cord via rootlets. * Dorsal roots contain **dorsal root ganglion** located **outside the spinal cord**. * Dorsal root ganglion contains **cell bodies** of sensory neurons. * Fibers for proprioceptive and touch information are located medially and small diameter fibers transmitting nociception and temperature information are located laterally 

Question 26

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Dorsal and ventral root join briefly to form = **?** ## Footnote Ventral and Dorsal roots 

Answer 26

* Dorsal and ventral root join briefly to form **spinal nerve**.  * Spinal nerve is mixed nerve because it contains both sensory, autonomic and motor axons.

Question 27

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves * Dorsal horn processes= **?** * Ventral/ anterior horn processes= **?** * Lateral horn processes = **?** ## Footnote Internal structure of the spinal cord 

Answer 27

Much of the gray matter is composed of spinal interneurons and cell bodies: * Dorsal horn processes = **sensory information** * Ventral/ anterior horn processes = **motor information** * Lateral horn processes = **autonomic information**

Question 28

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Spinal cord segments: * cervical = **?** * thoracic = **?** * lumbar = **?** * sacral = **?** * coccygeal = **?** ## Footnote Internal structure of the spinal cord 

Answer 28

Spinal cord segments: * cervical = **8** * thoracic = **12** * lumbar = **5** * sacral = **5** * coccygeal = **1**

Question 29

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Spinal cord is continuous with _ **?** _ and ends at _ **?** _ ## Footnote Internal structure of the spinal cord 

Answer 29

Spinal cord is continuous with **medulla** and ends at **L1-L2** intervertebral space in adults. 

Question 30

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves * The L2-S5 nerve roots travel downward below the end of the spinal cord before exiting the vertebral canal. * This collection of nerve roots inferior to the spinal cord within the bony canal is = **?**

Answer 30

The L2-S5 nerve roots travel downward below the end of the spinal cord before exiting the vertebral canal. This collection of nerve roots inferior to the spinal cord within the bony canal is the **cauda equina**.

Question 31

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves How many pairs of spinal nerves ? ## Footnote Spinal nerves and Rami 

Answer 31

**31 pairs** of spinal nerves * 8 cervical * 12 thoracic * 5 lumbar * 5 sacral and * 1 coccygeal (part of peripheral nervous system)

Question 32

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Which vertebral bodies ?

Answer 32

C6-C7

Question 33

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Which vertebral bodies ?

Answer 33

C7-T1

Question 34

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Which vertebral bodies ?

Answer 34

T9

Question 35

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Which vertebral bodies ?

Answer 35

T12

Question 36

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Which vertebral bodies ?

Answer 36

L1

Question 37

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Bundle of connective tissue and glia that connects the end of the cord to the coccyx = **?**

Answer 37

Inferior to the end of the spinal cord is the **filum terminale**, bundle of connective tissue and glia that connects the end of the cord to the coccyx.

Question 38

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves The branches of the dorsal rami are responsible for innervating the nerve’s paraspinous muscles (the nerve’s myotome (and skin of the back (the nerve’s dermatome) related to the ramus’ _ **?** _

Answer 38

The branches of the dorsal rami are responsible for innervating paraspinous muscles (the nerve’s myotome) and skin of the back (the nerve’s dermatome) related to the ramus’ **vertebral level**.

Question 39

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves The ventral rami innervates **?**

Answer 39

* The ventral rami innervates skin and muscles on the **anterior aspect of the trunk**, **limbs**, **also provide the spinal contributions to all major neural plexuses**.  * As such, they are responsible for the majority of the body’s sensorimotor innervation.

Question 40

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Cervical region: Anterior (ventral) division = **?** ## Footnote plexus

Answer 40

Cervical region: Anterior (ventral) division = **cervical plexus**, **brachial plexus**

Question 41

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Thoracic region: Anterior division = **?** ## Footnote plexus

Answer 41

Thoracic region: Anterior division = **intercostal nerves**

Question 42

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Lumbar region: Anterior division = **?** ## Footnote plexus

Answer 42

Lumbar region: Anterior division = **lumbar plexus**, **sacral plexus**  ## Footnote plexus

Question 43

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Sacral region = **?** ## Footnote plexus

Answer 43

Sacral region = **Sacral plexus**, **lumbosacral plexus**

Question 44

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Coccygeal region = **?** ## Footnote plexus

Answer 44

Coccygeal region = **Coccygeal plexus **

Question 45

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Spinal cord section that give rise to one spinal nerve = **?**

Answer 45

* Spinal cord section that give rise to one spinal nerve is considered as a **segment**. * The connection of nerve rootlets to the exterior of the cord indicate a segment . * Each segment of cord is connected to a specific region of the body by axons travelling through a pair of spinal nerves. * Segment are identified by the same designation as their corresponding spinal nerves. * Axons travelling through the rootlets, roots and spinal nerves connect a spinal segment with a specific part of the body.

Question 46

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves * Dura is the tough = **?** * Arachnoid is separated from the pia by = **?** * Pia mater closely adheres to = **?**

Answer 46

Are layers of connective tissue that surround the spinal cord, and are continuous with the meninges surrounding the brain. * Dura is the tough, **outer layer** * Arachnoid is separated from the pia by **cerebrospinal fluid** in the subarachnoid space * Pia mater closely adheres to the **spinal cord surface**.

Question 47

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves * Epidural space = **?** * Subdural space = **?** * Subarachnoid space = **?**

Answer 47

* **Epidural space** = between dura and vertebrae  * **Subdural space** = between arachnoid and dura * **Subarachnoid space** = between arachnoid and pia

Question 48

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Epidural anesthesia, catheter is placed in the = **?**

Answer 48

Epidural anesthesia, catheter is placed in the **epidural space** (space between dura and vertebrae).

Question 49

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves 1. Bundle of axons that convey information from spinal cord to the brain?

Answer 49

1. Bundle of axons that convey information from spinal cord to the brain = **spinal nerve**? The bundle of axons that carries information from the spinal cord to the brain is called the "spinal cord pathways" or "ascending tracts." These tracts consist of axons that transmit sensory information such as touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception from the peripheral nerves to the brain for processing and interpretation. Some of the major ascending tracts include the spinothalamic tract, dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway, and spinocerebellar tracts.

Question 50

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves 2. Contains all of motor, sensory and autonomic axons of a single spinal segment?

Answer 50

2. Contains all of motor, sensory and autonomic axons of a single spinal segment = **Spinal Nerve**

Question 51

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves 3. Contains cell bodies of primary sensory neurons?

Answer 51

3. Contains cell bodies of primary sensory neurons = **Dorsal root ganglia**

Question 52

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves 4. Innervates paravertebral muscles, posterior vertebral structures, and overlying cutaneous areas?

Answer 52

4. Innervates paravertebral muscles, posterior vertebral structures, and overlying cutaneous areas = **Dorsal ramus**

Question 53

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves 5. Contains sensory axons that connect with a single segment of  the spinal cord?

Answer 53

5. Contains sensory axons that connect with a single segment of  the spinal cord = **Spinal nerve**

Question 54

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves Contains efferent axons, including axons that innervate muscles ?

Answer 54

#6: Contains efferent axons, including axons that innervate muscles = **Ventral Root**

Question 55

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves * Endoneurium = **?** * Perineurium = **?** * Epineurium = **?**

Answer 55

Consist of parallel bundles of axons (neurons) surrounded by three connective tissue sheaths: * **Endoneurium** = Separates individual axons. * **Perineurium** = Surrounds bundles of axons (fascicles). * **Epineurium** = Encloses the entire nerve trunk.

Question 56

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves C2 innervation = **?**

Answer 56

**C2 innervation** = head and neck movements

Question 57

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves C3 innervation = **?**

Answer 57

**C3 innervation** = Breathing

Question 58

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves C4 innervation = **?**

Answer 58

C4 innervation = Scapula elevation and retraction

Question 59

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves C5 innervation = **?**

Answer 59

C5 innervation = Elbow flexion

Question 60

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves C6 innervation = **?**

Answer 60

C6 innervation = Wrist extension

Question 61

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves C7 innervation = **?**

Answer 61

C7 innervation = Elbow extension

Question 62

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves C8 innervation = **?**

Answer 62

C8 innervation = Finger flexion

Question 63

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves T1 innervation = **?**

Answer 63

T1 innervation = Finger abduction; hand intrinsics

Question 64

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves T7-T12 innervation = **?**

Answer 64

T7-T12 innervation = Move, stabilize trunnk; abdominals

Question 65

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves L2 innervation = **?**

Answer 65

L2 innervation = Hip flexion and adduction

Question 66

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves L3 innervation = **?**

Answer 66

L3 innervation = Knee extension

Question 67

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves L4 innervation = **?**

Answer 67

L4 innervation = Ankle dorsiflexion

Question 68

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves L5 innervation = **?**

Answer 68

L5 innervation = Long toe extensors

Question 69

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves S1-S2 innervation = **?**

Answer 69

S1-S2 innervation = **Ankle platar flexion**; Triceps surae

Question 70

# Anatomy of the Spinal Region and Peripheral Nerves S2-S3 innervation = **?**

Answer 70

S2-S3 innervation = Foot intrinsics