Cephalosorins

Question 1

Classification of cephalosporins ? 4 gen

Answer 1

FIRST GENERATION
SECOND GENERATION
THIRD GENERATION
Cephalexin (O)
• Cefaclor (0)
Cefixime (O)
•
Cefadroxil (O)
•Cefuroxime
efpodoxime proxetil (0)
Cefazolin (i.m., i.v.)
axetil (O
Ceftriaxone (i.m., i.v.)
• Gefuroxime (i.m.,
• Cefotaxime (i.m., i.v.)
i.v.)
• Cefoperazone (i.m., i.v.)
• Cefprozil (0)
Ceftazidime (i.m., i.v.)
• Ceftizoxime (i.m., i.v.)
• Cefdinir (O)
• Ceftibuten (O)
• Ceftamet pivoxil (O)
FOURTH GENERATION
• Cefepime (i.v.)
• Cefpirome (i.m.,

Question 2

Adverse effects of cephalosporins ?

Answer 2

y Hypersensitivity: The most common adverse effects are allergic reactions. They are skin rashes, urticaria and rarely anaphylaxis. Cross-reactivity to penicillin is seen in few patients
2.
Gi disturbances mainly diarrhoea, vomiting and anorexia can also occur.
3. Pain at the site of i.m. injection mainly with cephalothin. Intravenous cephalosporins can cause thrombophlebitis:
Nephrotoxicity is also seen, particularly with cephaloridine, because of which it has been with-drawn. Coadministration of cephalothin and gentamicin increases the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Intolerance to alcohol (a disulfiram-like reaction) has been reported with cefotetan and cefoperazone.
6. Severe bleeding can occur due to either hypoprothrombinaemia (which responds to vita-with renal failure.
min K therapy) or thrombocytopenia and/or platelet dysfunction, especially in patients