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Human Development > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system

A

Composed of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and Spinal Chord

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Network of nerves that connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body (e.g. fingers, arms, toes, and legs)

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4
Q

Myelination

A

Insulation of the neurons to enhance speed of neural transmissions

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5
Q

Size of the brain when a nany is born

A

25% of its mature adult size and weight

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6
Q

By the end of the first year, a baby’s brain is

A

60% of its adult weight

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7
Q

By the end of the second year, a baby’s brain is

A

80% of its adult weith

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8
Q

When is the brain its full weight and size?

A

16 years

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9
Q

When does the brain begin to shrink (lose neurons)?

A

30 years old

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10
Q

By late 80s, the brain has diminished by

A

20%

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11
Q

The brain is divided into how many parts?

A

3 parts

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12
Q

What are the different parts of the brain?

A

Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain

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13
Q

What is the hindbrain responsible for?

A

Life maintenance and survival functions

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14
Q

What are the parts of the hindbrain?

A

Medulla Oblongata, Cerebellum, Pons, Reticular activating system

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15
Q

What does the medulla oblongata do?

A

Regulates the heart and breathing

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16
Q

What does the Cerebellum do?

A

Regulates balance

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17
Q

What does the Pons do?

A

Connects the left and right cerebellum

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18
Q

What does the Reticular activating system do?

A

Regulates arousal and attention

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19
Q

What does the midbrain do?

A

Connects hindbrain and forebrain, controls eye muscles, and relays auditory and visual information to the brain’s centers for higher-level thinking

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20
Q

What does the forebrain consist of?

A

Left hemisphere, right hemisphere, corpus callosum, cerebral cortex

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21
Q

What does the left hemisphere of the brain do?

A

Controls the right side of the body and is responsible for language and writing abilities, and logical and systematic thought.

22
Q

What does the right side of the brain do?

A

Controls the left side of the body and is responsible for muscle abilities, imagination, and emotional expression

23
Q

What does the corpus callosum do?

A

Bundle of nerve cells that connects the two hemispheres and allows them to integrate cognitive, emotional and bodily functions

24
Q

What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

Occipital lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, frontal lobe

25
Q

What does the cerebral cortex do?

A

Responsible for memory, concentration, problem-solving abilities, and muscle coordination

26
Q

What does the occipital lobe do?

A

Helps brain interpret sensory information through he eyes

27
Q

What does the parietal lobe do?

A

Controls spatial reasoning and sense of touch

28
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

Responsible for hearing and storage of permanent memory

29
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

Regulates sense of smell, body control, and movement

30
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Relays nerve impulses from sensory pathways to the cerebral cortex

31
Q

What does the limbic system do?

A

It concerned with emotions and motivation

32
Q

What does the limbic system contain?

A

Hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus

33
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Control center for pleasure and pain, regulages hunger, thirst, sexual functions, body temperature, and so on through RELEASE OF HORMONES

34
Q

What does the amygdala do?

A

Influences behavior and activities such as sexual interest, feeding, and anger

35
Q

What does the hippocampus do?

A

Influences memory and helps to recognize novel situation and information

36
Q

What is hemispheric specialization or lateralization?

A

Right-brain or left-brain dominance, which begins early in development and gradually through childhood.

37
Q

What are the three classes of genetic disorders?

A

Autosomal diseases, X-linked diseases, Sec chromosomal diseases

38
Q

What s an autosomal disease?

A

Genetic disorder that involves a chromosome other than the sex chromosome

39
Q

What are some common examples of autosomal diseases?

A

Phenylketonuria, Sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease

40
Q

What is Phenylketonuria?

A

Inability to neutralize the amino aide phenylalanine (found in proteins). Can lead to severe damage of central nervous system

41
Q

What is sickle cell anemia?

A

Occurs in African American births, causing abnormal shaping of red blood cells. This results in oxygen deprivation, pain, tissue damage, anemia, and pneumonia.

42
Q

What is Tay-Sachs disease?

A

Occurs in JewsInability to metabolize fatty substances in neural tissues leading to central nervous system degeneration

43
Q

What is an X-linked disease?

A

Passed on by the X chromosome. Example: Male pattern baldness, hemophilia (failure of blood to clot)

44
Q

What’s a sex chromosomal disease?

A

Some genetic anomaly occurring on the sex-determining pair of chromosomes, usually affecting male or female characteristics.

45
Q

What are some examples of sex chromosomal diseases?

A

Turner syndrome (XO), Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY)

46
Q

What is turner syndrome (XO)?

A

All or part of the second X chromosome is missing. Underdeveloped ovaries, short stature, webbed neck.

47
Q

What is Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY)?

A

Unusually tall, higher amounts of body fat, complete sex characteristics at puberty, usually sterile.

48
Q

The brain usually reaches adult weight by the time they are?

A

16 years old

49
Q

The brain is divided into three parts. What’s the most primitive part?

A

Hindbrain

50
Q

Different parts and structures within the brain are responsible for various functions. The ________ is responsible for regulating arousal and attention.

A

Reticular activating system

51
Q

As genetic screening becomes more prominent, it is important for counselors to be knowledgeable about different classes and examples of genetic disorders. Sickle cell anemia is classified as an_______

A

Autosomal disorder

52
Q

Professional counselors must be familiar with common examples of genetic disorders. Males born with an extra X chromosome have

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Human Development (10 decks)

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