Central Nervous Depressants Flashcards
What benzodiazepine is this?
- long acting
- good for anxiety
- suppresses seizures with status epilepticus and cerebral palsy
- has active metabolites
diazepam (valium)
What is a short acting benzo good for:
sleep disorders WITHOUT anxiety
has rapid onset/elimination
triazolam
What are:
short acting hypnotics
have no active metabolites
little anti-anxiety, muscle relaxant or anti-convulsant effect
NBRAs
non-benzodiazepine benzodiazepine receptor agonists
What drug is:
relatively selective for type 1 benzodiazepine receptor
rapidly absorbed and eliminated
useful for acute sleep disorder
no hangover
preserves stage 3 sleep
effects on REM sleep rare/inconsistent?
zolipidem (Ambien)
What drug is:
for chronic insonia
rapid onset, but longer half-life
binds to all 3 benzo receptor types
no diminished efficacy over 6 month trial?
eszopiclone
(Lunesta)
Treatment for benzo or NBRA overdose
fumazenil
What drug:
increases GABA binding
decreases glutamate conductance via NMDA receptors
increases serotonin conductance via 5HT3 receptors
ethanol
What drug:
decreases reticular system and cerebral cortex
~40-150mg %
results thiamine deficiency
causes Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
ethanol
What drug substitutes ETOH or accidental poisoning?
methanol
What drug:
turns to formaldehyde → formic acid
highly toxic → blindness, “snow-storm”, coma, death
methanol
How do you treat methanol poisoning? (2)
ethanol
fomepizole
What drug:
inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
inhibits acetate formation
(-) reinforcement of ETOH use
disulfiram
Antabuse
What drug:
decreases glutamate neurotransmission
decreases relapse in detox pts?
acamprosate
What drug:
GABAB agonist
decreases ETOH withdrawal symptoms
promotes abstinence
decreases anxiety and craving
baclofen
What drug:
decreases rewarding effects of ETOH
blocks opioid receptors
naltrexone
