Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Halliburton > Cemeting 2 > Flashcards

Cemeting 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of Mud while drilling

A

Cleans Hole
Transports drill cuttings
Supports wall
lubricates bit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PV and YP

A

YP- Amount of force needed to put a fluid into motion or PV - keep a fluid in motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common flow property in Mud removal

A

Laminar flow - Turbulent flow is seldom achieved.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What two factors affect the flow rate property?

A

Velocity and Standoff.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pre Job circulation rule of thumb

A

2-4 top to top volumes or/and well conditioned mud returns to the surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Although the rig will want a higher YP and PV to help make a filter cake on the walls, What does Halliburton prefer prior to a good cement job

A

Decrease YP and PV . YP to 2 and PV down to 15.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HPUJ Shoe

A

Improves mud displacement
excellent filter cake removal
6 up 4 down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Spacers and Flushes

A 
Helps with fluid comparability
fluid separation
mud displacement
protection of formation 
suspends solids.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Displacement Factors: CAMPS

A

Centralization - 70%
Annular Velocity - As fast as the well will allow without breaking ECD limits
Mud Conditioning - 2 hole volumes
Mechanical aids - Pipe movement. 20 RPM’s increases Disp Efficiency by 35%
Spacers - 1000 ft or 10 min contact time. Whichever is greater.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Principle reason for cementing wells

A

Isolates zones

supports the casing from corrosion, drilling shocks and potential burst or collapse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CEment additives

A 
Accelerators
retarders
Fluid Loss
LCM
Light weight h
heavy weight
Dispersant
Salt Gas migration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Purpose of an accelerator

A

Increase early strength development and reduce WOC.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most commonly used accelerator

A

CaCl - 1-4% BWOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CaCl reduction of WOC 6 hours - 0% and 2%

A

100 and 1100 psi in 6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

NaCl is an accelerator and retarder from when to when

A

<12

18-37%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Calseal

A

LCM/ Expanding agent and thixotropic/ increases visc and high early strength.. Decreases density and tthickening time. Used in Permafrost bc of of low heat hydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Retarders have different _____

A

Temp ranges. because some will break down in certain conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lignin Retarders

A

HR5 most common by product of paper glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Light weight Adds

A

Tie up additional mix water and help suspend so free water does not form. Most common will be silicates and Bentonite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gilsonite

A

Natural Hydrocarbon FLuid Loss Add. Helps with light weight as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fluid Loss and light weight adds

A

Poz, Gilsonite, hollow spheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Foamed Cement

A

dispersed gas bubbles entrained in the slurry help it become light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Heavy Weight

A

displace heavy mud, keep rheo profile and hold formation back.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Heavy weights:

A

Barite
Sand
SSA2
Hi dense - iron ore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Dispersants do:

A

decrease visc so you can achieve higher pump rate without increasing friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Fluid Loss

A

PRevents premature dehydration: counteracts the tendancy for a slurry to lose water during displacement

Organic Polymers (HALAD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

LCm

A

Bridges off fractures or unconsolidated formations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Thixotropic cement is effective in sealing off +___

A

Lost circ zones and displacing viscous fluids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Salt cements help protect

A

Clay and shale formations which are susceptible to sloughing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

CEment retrogression

A

Permeability of cement decreases over time thus rendering the cement susceptible to more decomposition over time.

SSA prevents this -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

SSA1

A

High temps

32
Q

Transition time

A

from the time the slurry starts to gel to 500lb/100sq ft.

33
Q

Super CBL

A

Generates gas to counteract the weaking pressure of the cement on formation. it keeps the potential for migration back.

34
Q

Fine Cem / Micr Matrix Cement

A

Repair gravel packs and casing leaks. 10x smaller particles

35
Q

Sandwich loading method

A

bulk/cmt/bulk.cmt/bulk

36
Q

Cement Job Design : Formation information

A 
Pay ZOne location
sensitivity to water
fresh water zones
gas zones
salt zones
water flows

In addition to formation info, frac gradients and formation pressure

Drilling fluids
Temps

37
Q

Silicalite

A

Expander
comp strength increase
thixotropic
minor Fluid loss

38
Q

BEst way to increase density

A

decrease water. This might make it more viscous and less pumpable . careful

39
Q

Advantages of Foam Cement

A

high density range
elastic
increased compressability
good strength to density ratio

40
Q

Job time v pump time v. thickening time

A

time it takes to pump job including displacement
pump - time fluids are in motion
thickening time - time the slurry will remain pumpable.

41
Q

SCR -

A

Non lingosulfate retarder, imparts thixotropy on slurry. Use with HaLad 9. Higher early strength than HRs

42
Q

Why control fluid loss?

A

prevent premature dehydration
prevent swelling or sloughing of zones
prevents bridging from excessive filter cake build up.

43
Q

CFR

A

friction reducer - dispersant - lower visc

44
Q

types of liners

A

drilling
production
stub
tieback

45
Q

three techniques (liner)

A
  1. over the lap - hard to estimate volumes
  2. 8-10 joints above lap - - easier to drill out than remedial squeeze
    3 planned squeeze
46
Q

adv and disavd of planned squeeze

A

eliminates risk of potentially sticking drilling string

but leaves a gap where high pressured gas can cause coorosion etc.

47
Q

reciprocation is difficult in liners

A

Dp connected during movement and cement above liner can cause serious problems. frac pressures can be exceeded due to swab or surge pressures.

48
Q

What do we want in our spacer for liner

A

suspension of heavy weight additives. Flushes should be used in conjunction with a spacer on a liner

49
Q

Liner Testing

A

Hydrostatic test
differential test - packer above and removal of fluids and pressures so we would see if fluid in high pressure zones can penetrate and go into the low pressure zone. tests to see if the cement is honeycombed.

50
Q

nothing is better for liner cementing than»»

A

good hole conditioning and stability

51
Q

reason for running a liner

A

cost
reduced weight on wellhead
derrick weight restrictions
increased flow rate on drilling and cementing

52
Q

What retarded do we use in liner and or deeper cementing

A

SCR - natural sugars break down

53
Q

Considerations when picking liner type

A

mechanical or hydraulic
liner rotation during cementing
liner through another liner?

54
Q

most widely used

A

mechanical - set from surface rotation

55
Q

hydraulic

A

if a liner is in well already…
prevents premature setting
pressure required to set slips

56
Q

Versaflex liner

A 
advantages:
Improves cement job
better seals
Expandable hanger body
setting sleeves
57
Q

Number one cause of poor cement job?

A

Poor mud removal

58
Q

Spacer vs flush

A

spacer is weighted - Spacer is densified

59
Q

Why do we use spacer or flush

A

separate incompatable fluids
aid in mud displacement
leave downhole surfaces waterwet.

60
Q

Spacers must have the ability to:

A

mixability
pumpability (Without increasing the ECD
compatability (with both fluids it contacts)
stability - enough visc to suspend solids for removal
wettability - leaves the hole waterwet for a solid cmt bond

61
Q

Flocculation

A

abundant calcium in cement reacts with chemicals in the mud and forms cottage cheese like mixture

62
Q

Common preflushes

A 
water
kcl
seawater
brine
mudflush
63
Q

Mudflush

A

4lb/bbl - simple- low foaming

64
Q

MCA

A

Mud cleanout agent - dehydrates clay particles for removal

65
Q

Spacers

A 
TS
CS
DS
Superflush
POZ - Scavenger
66
Q

Weighting material in TS3

A

Barite

67
Q

Superflush really helps with

A

Lost circulation - reactive and has silicates to clog pores

Must be staged with non reactive fluid because of flash set

68
Q

RCM

A

Recirculating Cement Mixer -

69
Q

Most important factors concerning mixing

A

Density and mixing energy

70
Q

Components of the RCM

A 
4x4
6x5
flowmeter
5bbl recirc tub 3 bbl downhole tub
agitators
71
Q

Micromotion F-300

A

recirc densometer - diversion tube next to . We typically want around 180 gpm running throught the micromotion F300

72
Q

Name the field equipment:

A

Bins, 660, body load, batch, tiger, elite

73
Q

What is foam cement

A

cement and foaming agents (nitrogen)

74
Q

Why use foam

A

zones that cant support the req height and normal density (hydrostatics)
light slurries with relatively high comp strength

75
Q

Properties of foam cmt

A 
compressable
elastic
improves bonding
high strength to density
low permeability
76
Q

During placement, foam cement has

A 
low density
high visc
low fluid loss
compressability
stable at high temps

Halliburton (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions