Cementing Equipment Flashcards
Super Seal II Float Shoes and Collars
Heart of the Halliburton float equipment.
- Single or double valve options
- Sealing String for inner string cementing.
- Down Jet and high port up jet float shoes
- Autofill standard
0withstands 24 hr. 10 bbl/min with 2-4$ sand . up to 12.5 gal mud and a 5000 lb backpressure after 8 hour 400 degree heat soak
API 3C.
Super Seal 2 variations
Down Jet Float Shoe
High Port up Jet Float Shoe
Non Rotating
Double Valve
Down Jet Float Shoe
Holes in the side as well as the bottom of the shoe for increased cleaning efficiency.
High Port Up Jet
60% fluid through the side ports upward to prevent bridging or cave in debris. 6 up jet and as many as 4 downjet.
HELPS Prevent Channeling. Creates circular fluid movement which creates turbulent flow at the shoe.
improves mud displacement
excellent filter cake removal
Non rotating
Easy drillout of collar.
Centralized Float Shoes and Collars
Act as a built in rigid centralizer to help guarantee standoff at shoe.
Super Seal II made of and flow rates
PDC drillable and made with no steel or cast iron. The spring is made from bronze. the 2 3/4 is rated at 10 bbl/ min the 4 1/4 is 25 and 2 1/4 is 6. Up to 4 inch casing, 4-7 and over 7.
Trophy Seal
Builds off Super Seal equipment to offer the dependability you expect. For non critical, shallow well needs. 1500 psi at 250 2500 at 150, autofill optional, k55 only
APC 1A
Insert Float Valves
Low bottom hole temps and casing back pressure of 2500 psi. Very cheap.
Insert Poppet Valves
Cheap for aggressive sales opportunities. Maximum reliability. Poppet valve to replace flapper valve. 3000-2000 at 200F
Pressure Differential Float
PDF equipment permits fluid entry into the casing through the bottom to maintain a controlled differential pressure between the outside and inside of the casing being run into the hole .
Casing Attachments
Equipment is attached to the OD as the casing is run into the hole to help ensure proper mud removal and a successful primary cementing job.
Think of this as a cheap insurance plan to a very expensive remedial operation.
Bow Spring Centralizer
Reduces Drag while running.
centralizes in the hole. helps prevent differential sticking.
Increases fluid turbulence.
Rigid Centralizers
suited for highly deviated wellbores.
GravelPack Centralizers
Can Slide through close tolerance casing combinations and ensure proper gravel packing.
Protech Centralizer
Mechanically formed and chemically bonded however the customer wants.
Centek Slider 2
One Piece solid body bow spring centralizer. High end.
Ray Oil Tool Solid Aluminum Centralizer
Solid Blade Centralizer are cast of high strength aluminum alloy. High impace and shock resistance.
Scratchers and Wipers
help remove filter cake and gelled mud from the wellbore walls. This will provide better bonding surfaces for the cement and isolates one zone from another.
Cement Baskets
Used to support a weak formation that is sensitive to hydrostatic pressure while the cement sets.
Metal Petal Baskets
Canvas Cement Basket
Main Plug COntainers
The Compact Plug Container
Light Weight PLug Container
High Pressure Plug Container.
Swages
Bar Type Swage
Quick latch COupler
Fully molded
Bar Type Swage
Sometimes necessary to circulate drilling fluid prior to reaching TD. Limited long space for power tight make up. It is just a shorter version of the Fully Molded which is used when circulating pressures are expected to be higher.
Types of Wipers
High Wiping Efficiency (HWE)
5 Wiper Cementing PLugs
Latch Down Plugs.
Three ends of th HT-400
Power End, Spacer, Fluid End
What does the power end do?
The Power end takes energy that is generated by the engine and turns it into power that can be used by the fluid end.
What is the purpose of the spacer
The Spacer helps prevent fluids from escaping from the fluid end into the power end cavity.
Fluid End
uses energy that has been modified by the power end to move cement and other materials.
What does a HPUJ shoe do?
A high port up jet shoes, jets formation to remove detrimental mud cake and cuttings for good cementing efficiency around the shoe.
What is the pressure rating on a bottom plug
750 PSI
Can a top plug be ruptured?
No.
Why do we use bottom plugs
Separates the job fluid from the well fluid and cleans the pipe.
Allows the spacer to work in the annulus rather than the pipe.
How does the automatic fill in SSII work
Tabs hold open the one way check valves while the casing is being run into the hole.
protects formations from ram effect during casing run.
Why are cement plugs used?
To wipe the inside of the casing. The top plug is a physical end to displacement.
At what flow rates will the autofill feature deactivate
5 bbl/min
In what circumstance would you recommend using a float shoe or guide shoe.
We recommend using a guide shoe every time.
What is the purpose of a float shoe/collar
Check valves
Bleed pressure on casing
PRevent a UTube
What max angle do we recommend using for bow spring centralizers?
10%
What centralizers do we stock
Centek, Rigid, Bowspring
Above the max angle, what do we recommend.
Centek, able to support the weight of the casing.
What type of centralizer do you recommend through a salt section.
Centek. Something that can withstand corrosion.
What standoff do we recommend for our centralizers?
70% min and 100% if possible.
Can our recommended standoff be achieved in a horiz?
yes
What is Weld A?
Chemical weld, locks float equipment to the casing.
What are limit clamps used for?
Used to secure centralizers in the middle of the casing.
Why run a stage tool?
- The lower formation can not support the hydrostatic of cement.
- only want to cement an upper section
- Higher temps alter correct placement and thickening time.
Advantages Disadvantages of a type H
Advantages-
1. Set in a horizontal. There is less time to open tool and circulate.
2. in air drilled holes
Disadvantage-
1. Can accidentally open.
2. Have to be careful with circulating pressures.
Advantages Disadvantages of type P
Advantages 1. Do not have to be careful with circulation rates 2. no worry about premature opening. Disadvantages 1. Can't be used in a horizontal...
Difference between a PDC and TriCone bit
Poly Dicrystaline - Solid Body bits - Drills laterals faster.
TriCone
Max angle a type P can be used.
30%
Is the “bomb” PDC drillable
Yes, Composite but aluminum is a bit more difficult.
Is there an alternative to a bomb?
Cancelation plug… weight to shift.
What is the freefall plug made of?
Composite or aluminum.
What is the first plug dropped called?
Shut off plug… Smallest OD
What is the last plug called?
Closing plug. Pre loaded, closes the tool.
What determines the opening pressure on a type H
The number of pins.
How many pins do we load out type H stage tool?
Depends on the casing strength
How many pins does it come loaded with?
4
At what pressure does a stage tool open at?
1750
Before a stage tool leaves the yard, what must be done?
Calibration between the plug and tool set.
Where is a stage tool placed in the wellbore?
Just above the weak zone.
How long do we wait in between stages?
Until CSGS (100 lb/100ft2)
When should a stagetool not ne run?
When the formation can handle a fully cemented column.
What Spacer System would we use if Oil based mud and what surfactants would we put in it?
TS3.
Cem7- Designed to destroy oil properties
Musal A
Deair
Why do we run a lead and tail cement
Lead is a filler cement, less hydrostatic pressure and cheaper.
What kind of excess do we recommend with no caliper?
30% plus or minus. It all depends on the customer and their preference. There definitely needs to be excess. A plug can be in percentage or feet.
At what height do we charge for a derrek charge?
7 ft.
What are the formations to worry about?
Sussex - around 4300
Sharron Springs - around 6500 in the middle of the horizontal for many complaies foing to the niobrera
Jsand is weak - at 8500
For a plug to abandon what needs to be covered?
Production Zone and all existing perfs
Bottom of the intermediate or wherever the casing is cut.
Bottom of surface
Top of surface.
Reasons for float equipment
provides buoyancy
prevent reentry of cement
guides casing into hole
landing seat for plugs
Level 3 collar performance test
24 hr. 12 lb 4% sand 10 bpm 5000 psi
Types of float valves
Insert poppet, ball, poppet
Trophy seal
category 1 a rated - 8 hrs, 10 bbl.min 1500 psi
What size valves does SS2 come in
2.75 and 4.25 inch The 4.25 inch has gone 25bpm for 24 hours.
Autofill feature
Protects casing against collapse
reduces ram pressure on formation
reduces surface fill time
Deactivate
4-6 or 6-8 on the 4.25
different float shoe noses
wedge nose, reamer, tiger teeth, centralized
PDF float equipment
for circulating or running in hole. 1-3 bb/m to land ball 900-1200 psi to deactivate
reasons for innerstring cementing
avoids casing collapse
reduces drillout time
no large plugs
prevents channeling in large casing
852 series packer shoe
circulate or float casing in well, call activated at 1200. available in 855 option too with autofill feature. w. latchdown plug
Plug container options
quick latch
SPCH - adjustable
Compact plug container - single or double. most common
Reasons for using plugs
surface indicator
separation between mud and cement or spacer, prevents over displacement
removes mud.
HWE plugs - deep cup design
provides increased rubber casing contact which provides improved wiping efficiency.
5 wiper plugs rupture
350 psi bottom rupture. 750 on NR
2.375 - 20 inch. compatable with all muds
advantage of NR plug
Reduces drillout
4 reasons for Multiple stage cementing
Cement hydrostatic to ogreat for formation
pump time > thickening time
only want to cement certain portions of annulus.
Different blends of cement must safely be pumped
size and grades of msc
4.5 in - 20 inch
L80
shoe attachement options
tiger tooth
wedge shoe
plastic
down jet
Darts need a _____ to land
Baffle
How are the centeks made
single sheet, laser cut and fit together. Patented heat treating.
