cellular transport Flashcards
What is a passive process?
Depends on pressure, concentration differences and the kinetic energy of the particles. Passive processes include osmosis, simple diffusion, filtration and facilitated diffusion.
What is a active process?
Requires use of cellular energy (ATP). Active processes include active transport and bulk transport. Involves the movement of small particles across the cell membrane. Bulk transport is the movement of larger substances or larger quantities of substances, through the membrane. includes phagocytosis, pinocytosis, endocytosis and exotyosis
What will make diffusion occur faster?
- The temperature is increased
- The concentration difference is greater
- The particles are smaller
What is simple diffusion? - Passive
Particles move from their own area of high concentration to their own area of lower concentration. this continues until the concentration in both areas is equal. Occurs without the need for ATP as the energy needed for movement comes from the kinetic energy of particles.
What is facilitated diffusion? - Passive
Transport that uses specialised proteins, such as channel and carrier proteins, to help molecules move across a cell membrane.
What is the difference between passive processes and active processes?
Passive processes do not require ATP while active processes do need ATP (cellular energy)
What is osmosis? - Passive
The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.
What is filtration? - Passive
In filtration, water and dissolved solutes move from high to low pressure. For example in the kidneys the pressure of blood on one side of the filtering membrane forces water and dissolved wastes through to the other side of the filtering membrane.
What is dialysis? - Passive
A procedure to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys stop working properly.
What is Active transport?
The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy
What is bulk transport?
A mode of transport of large quantities of materials and food particles across the membrane. Occurs both inward and outward and is achieved with the help of carrier molecules.
