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IB Sports Science CK > Cellular Respiration only > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration only Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis: Occurs in the cytoplasm, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP.
Krebs Cycle: Takes place in the mitochondria, where Acetyl-CoA is further broken down, releasing CO2 and generating energy carriers.
Electron Transport Chain: Located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where energy carriers from the Krebs cycle are used to produce a large amount of ATP.

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2
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

Cells break down glucose in the presence of oxygen through a series of biochemical reactions, resulting in the production of ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

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3
Q

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

A

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.

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4
Q

What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?

A

Glycolysis produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

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5
Q

What happens to pyruvate after glycolysis under aerobic conditions?

A

Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the mitochondria and is converted into Acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle.

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6
Q

Where in the cell does the Krebs cycle take place?

A

The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria.

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7
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle per glucose molecule?

A

The Krebs cycle produces 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

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8
Q

What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

A

The electron transport chain generates a large amount of ATP by using electrons to pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

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9
Q

How many total ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose during cellular respiration?

A

Up to 36-38 ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule.

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10
Q

What are the end products of cellular respiration?

A

The end products are carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

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11
Q

Which processes in Cellular Respiration are considered Aerobic?

A

Aerobic Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, electron transport chain –> they require oxygen to produce ATP

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12
Q

Which processes in Cellular Respiration are considered Anaerobic?

A

The ATP-PC system and lactic acid system(anaerobic glycolysis) do not need oxygen to produce ATP

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13
Q

How much ATP is produced during the ATP-PC system and what is its role?

A

The ATP-PC system produces one creatine phosphate molecule and it provides immediate energy for short bursts of high intensity exercise

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14
Q

How much ATP is produced during anaerobic glycolysis and what limits its efficiency

A

2 ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule but its efficiency is limited due to the production of lactic acid which leads to muscle fatigue.

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15
Q

How much ATP is produced during aerobic glycolysis and why is it more efficient than anaerobic glycolysis?

A

It produces the same amount being 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule but it is more efficient because it allows the complete breakdown of the glucose into the pyruvate which then enters the Krebs cycle for further ATP production

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16
Q

What is the role of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration and the amount of ATP it produces

A

The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions occurring in the mitochondria which produces 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

It also generates high energy electron carriers used in the electron transport chain

17
Q

What is post exercise oxygen consumption?

A

During recovery, oxygen use continues at a rate greater than what is needed at rest

18
Q

Order of Krebs Cycle + Input and Output

A
  1. in the presence of oxygen pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria
  2. the pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA which enters the krebs cycle - high energy elections are released as well as carbon dioxide
  3. Acetyl CoA enters Krebs cycle where is releases carbon dioxide and a little ATP –> it releases more high energy electrons
19
Q

Un-Saturated fatty acid examples

A

Sunflower Oil
Olive Oil
Canola Oil
Rapeseed oil
Sesame oil
Avocado Oil
Most nuts

NOT: coconut . tropic, corn , soybean

20
Q

Which energy system is used for high intensity sprinting

A

ATPPC

21
Q

Which energy system is used for moderate

A

Lactic system

22
Q

Which system for low intensity?

A

Aerobic system

23
Q

How much ATP comes from aerobic and anarobic ?

A

Aerobic: 36-38
Anerobic:2

24
Q

Components of a protein molecule

A

formed by amino acids

linked in chains through peptide bonds

C,H,O,N

25
Q

Ratio of a glucose molecule

A

C6H12O6. 1:2

26
Q

Macronutrient

A

Water
Lipids/fats
Proteins
Carbohydrates

27
Q

Micronutrients

A

Vitamins
Minerals

28
Q

Glycolysis(catabolism)

A

Breakdown and use of Glucose
pyruvate enters mitochondia and borken down to produce more ATP

29
Q

Role of insulin and muscle contraction on glucose uptake

A

both stimulate glucose uptake from the blood into the skeletal muscle

30
Q

Glycogenesis(anabolsim)IMPORTANT

A

Body has too much glucose for its needs and stores glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscle tissue

glycogen major storage sites : liver and muscle tissue

31
Q

Glycogenolysis (catabolism) IMPORTANT

A

Body needs more glucose and breaks down glycogen stores from liver and muscle into glucose

32
Q

Lipogenesis

A

Formation and storage of Triglycerides - uptake of fatty acid in to fat cells which are converted into tryglicerides

33
Q

Triglycerides storage

A

adipose tissue and skeletal muscle

34
Q

Lipolysis

A

Triglycerides are released into the bloodstream and broken down into fatty acids and glycerol

35
Q

Anabolic + Catabolic

A

Anabolic= build up = protein synthesis, glycogenesis, lipogenesis

Catabolic = break down = glycolysis , lipolysis, glycogeneolysis

36
Q

Define cell respiration

A

controlled release of energy in the form of ATP from organic compounds in cells

37
Q

Electron Transport Chain which receptors?

A

ETC is aerobic requiring oxygen
oxygen is the final electron acceptor at end of chain

38
Q

Macronutrient requirements of endurance cyclist and sprint cyclist

A

endurance requires more carbohydrates for slow release energy
- more water

sprint needs more protein to build muscle required for more output

both need a reduced fat intake to increase power to weight

39
Q

Describe Excess Post oxygen consumption

A

volume of oxygen consumed in recovery above the resting volume

replenishment of myoglobin stores

re-synthesize ATP/PC levels

IB Sports Science CK (10 decks)

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