1.2 Muscles

Question 1

Annotate the muscular system

Answer 1

Question 2

Name the three types of muscles

Answer 2

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

Question 3

Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles

Answer 3

Origin : the attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone

Insertion: the attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone

Question 4

Epimysium

Answer 4

Connective tissue capsule, surrounds entire muscle

Question 5

Perimysium

Answer 5

Surrounds bundles of muscle fibers of fascicles

Question 6

Endomysium

Answer 6

Layer of fascia that surrounds the individual muscle fibers

Question 7

Myofibril

Answer 7

The muscle cells are filled with cyndrical structures called myofybrils

Question 8

Reciprocal Inhibition

Answer 8

When the agonist motor neuron is stimulated, the motor neuron to the antagonist is inhibited, preventing it from contracting strongly

Question 9

Origin

Answer 9

the attachment of a muscle tendon to a
stationary bone

Question 10

Insertion

Answer 10

the attachment of a muscle tendon to a
moveable bone

Question 11

Isometric

Answer 11

Contraction with NO CHANGE in muscle length
No external movement
A static contraction

Question 12

Isotonic Contraction

Answer 12

Concentric:
Easier (more force than weight) - Coming up from bicep curl
Shortening of muscle

Eccentric:
Coming down
Force is less than resistance
Muscle is contracting but lengthening
Actin-Myosin bonds are thought to be broken mechanically

Question 13

DOMS definition

Answer 13

DOMS results primarily from eccentric muscle action and is associated with structural muscle damage, inflammatory reactions in the muscle, overstretching and overtraining. DOMS is prevented/minimized by reducing the eccentric component of muscle actions during early training, starting training at a low intensity and gradually increasing the intensity, and warming up before exercise, cooling down after exercise.