1.1 Skeletal System Flashcards
What is the difference anatomically between the axial and appendicular skeleton
Axial (80 bones): are bones along the vertical axis
Appendicular(126 bones): Consist of the shoulder girdle, the upper limbs, the pelvic girdle, and the lower limbs
What are the 5 main functions of the skeleton:
- Blood cell production
- Protection
- Attachment
- Storage and release of minerals
- Support
closer to head
Superior
further from head
inferior
further to front
anterior
further to back
posterior
towards the middle
medial
towards the side
lateral
superior of limbs
proximal
inferior for limbs
distal
3 Types of Connective Tissue
Tendons, Ligaments, Cartilage
Tendons
Strong Strips attaching muscles to bones,
Ligaments
Strong Bands connecting bones to bones at joints , they are elasticated to allow movement of joint, stops movement outside of normal range
Cartilage
Soft cushioning substance that covers ends of bones , acts as shock absorber and reduces bones rubbing together
3 Types of Joints
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Fibrous
-continuous with periosteum
-no movement allowed at these joints
Example: Sutures in between bones of skull.
Cartilaginous
limited movement allowed
Synovial
- most commonly occurring joints
-Free movement in one or more planes
-most important for motility
Synovial Joint
Space between bones
Bursa
Small fluid-filled sacs found in areas of high stress
Found where two structures rub against each other e.g ligament and bone, tendon and bone
Lined by synovial membrane which provide lubrication thereby reducing friction
Joint (articular) capsule
Flexible to allow joint movements to take place
Tensile strength prevents joint from dislocation
Synovial (membrane) lining
Secretes synovial fluid
Ligament
Attaches bone to bone
Articular Cartilage
A smooth white layer that covers the articulating surface of bones
Reduces friction, absorbs shock and protects bones
Thickness depends on the amount of stress it is exposed to
What joint is this
Pivot Joint
- A ring bone
- allows rotation
- joint in neck allowing shaking
What Joint is this?
Ball and Socket Joint
- allows movement in all directions
- most mobile joint
- In shoulders and hips
What Joint is this?
Saddle Joint
- allows movement forwards, backwards
- no rotation
- thumb is only saddle joint
What joint is this?
Hinge Joint
- only forwards and backwards like door
- knee and elbow
What joint is this?
Condyloid
- oval shaped bone
- forwards, backwards, left and right
- between metacarpals and phalanges
What joint is this?
Gliding Joint
- two flat faces of bone
- little movement
- carpals, hand, tarsals, ankle
Joint Definition
When two or more bones come into contact OR articulate with each other
Which vertebrae is at the top?
Cervical Vertebrae
Which vertebrae is in the middle?
Thoracic Vertebrae
Which vertebrae is at the bottom?
Lumber vertebrae
Long Bone examples
Phalanges, metacarpals , clavicle, humerus
Short Bone example
carpals and tarsels
Flat bone examples
Scapula, sternum, ribs, pelvis
Irregular bone examples
vertebrae, sacrum, mandible
