1.1 Skeletal System

Question 1

What is the difference anatomically between the axial and appendicular skeleton

Answer 1

Axial (80 bones): are bones along the vertical axis
Appendicular(126 bones): Consist of the shoulder girdle, the upper limbs, the pelvic girdle, and the lower limbs

Question 2

What are the 5 main functions of the skeleton:

Answer 2

1. Blood cell production
2. Protection
3. Attachment
4. Storage and release of minerals
5. Support

Question 3

closer to head

Answer 3

Superior

Question 4

further from head

Answer 4

inferior

Question 5

further to front

Answer 5

anterior

Question 6

further to back

Answer 6

posterior

Question 7

towards the middle

Answer 7

medial

Question 8

towards the side

Answer 8

lateral

Question 9

superior of limbs

Answer 9

proximal

Question 10

inferior for limbs

Answer 10

distal

Question 11

3 Types of Connective Tissue

Answer 11

Tendons, Ligaments, Cartilage

Question 12

Tendons

Answer 12

Strong Strips attaching muscles to bones,

Question 13

Ligaments

Answer 13

Strong Bands connecting bones to bones at joints , they are elasticated to allow movement of joint, stops movement outside of normal range

Question 14

Cartilage

Answer 14

Soft cushioning substance that covers ends of bones , acts as shock absorber and reduces bones rubbing together

Question 15

3 Types of Joints

Answer 15

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 16

Fibrous

Answer 16

-continuous with periosteum
-no movement allowed at these joints
Example: Sutures in between bones of skull.

Question 17

Cartilaginous

Answer 17

limited movement allowed

Question 18

Synovial

Answer 18

• most commonly occurring joints
  -Free movement in one or more planes
  -most important for motility

Question 19

Synovial Joint

Answer 19

Space between bones

Question 20

Bursa

Answer 20

Small fluid-filled sacs found in areas of high stress
Found where two structures rub against each other e.g ligament and bone, tendon and bone
Lined by synovial membrane which provide lubrication thereby reducing friction

Question 21

Joint (articular) capsule

Answer 21

Flexible to allow joint movements to take place
Tensile strength prevents joint from dislocation

Question 22

Synovial (membrane) lining

Answer 22

Secretes synovial fluid

Question 23

Ligament

Answer 23

Attaches bone to bone

Question 24

Articular Cartilage

Answer 24

A smooth white layer that covers the articulating surface of bones
Reduces friction, absorbs shock and protects bones
Thickness depends on the amount of stress it is exposed to

Question 25

What joint is this

Answer 25

Pivot Joint
- A ring bone
- allows rotation
- joint in neck allowing shaking

Question 26

What Joint is this?

Answer 26

Ball and Socket Joint
- allows movement in all directions
- most mobile joint
- In shoulders and hips

Question 27

What Joint is this?

Answer 27

Saddle Joint
- allows movement forwards, backwards
- no rotation
- thumb is only saddle joint

Question 28

What joint is this?

Answer 28

Hinge Joint
- only forwards and backwards like door
- knee and elbow

Question 29

What joint is this?

Answer 29

Condyloid
- oval shaped bone
- forwards, backwards, left and right
- between metacarpals and phalanges

Question 30

What joint is this?

Answer 30

Gliding Joint
- two flat faces of bone
- little movement
- carpals, hand, tarsals, ankle

Question 31

Joint Definition

Answer 31

When two or more bones come into contact OR articulate with each other

Question 32

Which vertebrae is at the top?

Answer 32

Cervical Vertebrae

Question 33

Which vertebrae is in the middle?

Answer 33

Thoracic Vertebrae

Question 34

Which vertebrae is at the bottom?

Answer 34

Lumber vertebrae

Question 35

Long Bone examples

Answer 35

Phalanges, metacarpals , clavicle, humerus

Question 36

Short Bone example

Answer 36

carpals and tarsels

Question 37

Flat bone examples

Answer 37

Scapula, sternum, ribs, pelvis

Question 38

Irregular bone examples

Answer 38

vertebrae, sacrum, mandible