Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Energy
The ability to do work
Thermodynamics
Study of the flow and transformation of energy
First law of thermodynamics
The law of conservation of energy: energy can be converted from one form to another but cannot be created nor destroyed
Second law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy(often heat energy)
Sun
The energy of life
Autotroph
Organisms that make their own food for energy
Heterotrophs
Organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy
Metabolism
All the chemical reactions in a cell wall
Metabolic pathway
A series of chemical reacts in which the product of one reaction is the substrate of the next reaction
Catabolic pathway
Releasing energy by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules
Anabolic pathway
Use energy to build larger molecules from small molecules
Photosynthesis
Anabolic pathway in which light energy from the sun is converted chemical energy for use by the cell
Cellular respiration
Catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
The most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy
ATP has
Adenine base, a ribose sugar, 3 phosphate sugars
ATP function
Releases energy when the bond begetting the second and third phosphate groups is broken
ADP
Adenosine diphosphate
Light dependent photosynthesis
Light energy is absorbed and turned into chemical energy: ARO and NADPH
Light independent photosynthesis
ATP and NADPH used to make glucose
Chloroplasts
Organelles that capture light energy
Two main compartments of chloroplasts
Thylakoids and stroma
Thylakoid
Flattened sac-like membranes arranged
Grana
The stacks thylakoids are arranged into
Stroma
Fluid filled space that is outside the grana
Function of thylakoid
Capturing light to produce NADPH and ATP to store
Pigments
Light absorbing colored molecules
