Cells, Plasma Membrane, And Osmosis Flashcards
Cell theory
Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization that all living organisms have
Compound microscopes
Glass lenses and visible light used to magnify images
Cytoplasm
A semisolid marital that contains organelles carrying out chemical processes
Cytoskeleton
An anchor for organelles made from long, thin protein fibers
Cell membrane
Separates the interior of a cell from the outside environment
Cell wall
Thick, rigid, mesh of fibers that protect the cell
Nucleus
An organelle that is the manager of the cell and stores DNA
Mitochondria
An organelle that converts particles into usable energy for the rest of the cell
Chloroplast
An organelle that captures light energy and converts it into usable energy for the cell
Rough ER
Membrane system of interconnected channels with ribosomes attached to perform protein systhesis
Smooth ER
Membrane system interconnected channels with no ribosomes that perform carbohydrate and lipid synthesis
Golgi body
Proteins packed into sacs called vesicles that fuses to the plasma membrane
Ribosome
Organelles that make proteins
Vesicle
Sac of proteins to be carried out and packed by the golgi body
Lysosome
Vesicles that digests bacteria and viruses that invade the cell
Vacuole
A sac that stores food, enzymes, and waste
Centriole
Group of microtubules that formed into a ventricle which is important for cell division
Phospholipid bilayer
Two layers of phospholipids that keep internal and external environments separate
Transport protein
Move substances through the membrane
Cholesterol
A lipid that prevents the fatty acid tails of phospholipids bilayer from sticking together
carbohydrate chain
Defined the cells characteristics, it identifies chemical signals
Fluid mosaic model
The components of the cell membrane that is flexible
Endocytosis
Cell surrounding a object in the outside environment, object enters cell
Exocytosis
Excretion of materials at the plasma membrane, object exits the cell
Hypertonic
Water moves out of the cell so it shrinks
Hypotonic
Water moves into the cell so it swells
Isotonic
Water enters and leaves the cell at the same rate
Active transport
Movement of particles across the cell membrane that requires energy
Passive transport
Movement of particles across the cell membrane that doesn’t require energy
Diffusion
Movement from a area of high to low concentration
Facilitated diffusion
Transport of protein across the plasma membrane
Osmosis
Water moving across a membrane until both sides are the same concentration
Dynamic equilibrium
Molecules move cu the concentration remains the same
Semipermeable
Allows certain substances like solvents and maybe solutes
Homeostasis
The process where a cell maintains a stable internal environment despite its external environment
