Cellular Respiration Flashcards
When you eat food how do you get energy
by breaking that food down into simpler molecules
Cellular Respiration
A complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds
what type of “trophs” use cellular respiration
autotrophs and heterotrophs
What are the products of cellular respiration
the reactants of photosynthesis (CO2 and H2O)
What are the 3 stages of Cellular respiration
-Glycolosis
-Krebs Cycle
-Electron Transport Chain
What is the main focus of cellular respiration
to get ATP
ATP
the universal energy currency in the cell
how many phosphate groups are attached to ATP
3
How does ATP become ADP
when it releases a phosphate group it releases energy and becomes ADP.
Where does cellular respiration occur
glycolosis is in the cytosol and the krebs cycle and the electron transport chain occur in the mitochondria
Glycolosis
-a process where one 6-carbon molecule (glucose) is oxidized to create two-3 carbon molecules
-A series of chemical reactions that are caused by specific enzymes
-takes place in the cytosol
Glycolosis Steps
- two phosphate groups from 2 ATP are attached to glucose forming a new 6-carbon molecule
2.The 6-carbon compound is split into into two 3-carbon molecules called G3P - Each G3P gets a phosphate added. 2 molecules of NAD+ (electron acceptor) become NADH
- The phosphate groups are removed creating 2 molecules of pyruvic acid
What happens to the phosphates that were removed during glycolysis
The four phosphates combine with 4 ADP to make 4 total ATP
What is the net ATP for glycolysis
4 ATP were made but 2 of these were used up so the net ATP is 2 ATP
What is the glycolysis net
2 ATP, 2 pyruvic acid + H2O, 2 NADPH+ 2H+
What happens when the pyruvic acid goes into the mitochondrial matrix
it reacts with an enzyme called coenzyme A to create a two carbon molecule called acetyl CoA.
What is the Krebs cycle
the krebs cycle is a biochemical pathway that breaks down a acetyl CoA producing CO2, ATP and hydrogen atoms
Steps of the Krebs Cycle
- Two carbon acetyl combine with four-carbon oxaloacetic acid to create a 6 carbon compound called citric acid
- Citric acid releases CO2 and a hydrogen atom to form a five-carbon compound.
3.The 5 carbon compound releases CO2 and and a four-carbon compound is formed. ATP is synthesized from ADP. - This four carbon compound releases a hydrogen atom and reduces a FAD+ (electron acceptor) to FADH2
- The new carbon molecule releases a hydrogen atom to regenerate the oxaloacetic acid and keep the cycle going. NAD+ is again reduced to NADH.
How many pyruvic acids are used in 1 kreb cycle
1 pyruvic acid. Glucose has 2 pyruvic acids so 1 glucose requires 2 cycles.
what is the pattern of the kreb cycle
6,5,4, add two (carbon)
What does 1 glucose produce in the kreb cycle
-Four CO2 which difuse out of the cell as waste
-2 ATP
-Hydrogen atoms that are used for 6NADH and 2FADH. (these molecules are used in the next step of aerobic respiration).
what is the electron transport chain also know as
aerobic respiration and ETC
What does the electron transport chain do
uses chemiosmosis with the help of NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP
Where are the ETC and ATP synthase (which makes ATP) located
They are embedded in the inner membrane folds of the mitochondria called the cristae
**in prokaryotes the ETC is in the cell membrane
