cell transport and homeostasis

Question 1

what do cells have to do to maintain homeostasis

Answer 1

control what enters and leaves the cell

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

maintaining internal balance. Stability

Question 3

Passive Transport

Answer 3

the movement of materials into and out of the cell without the use of energy

Question 4

Active Transport

Answer 4

movement of materials into and out of the cell with the use of energy.

Question 5

What are the types of cellular transportation

Answer 5

Passive and Active

Question 6

Diffusion

Answer 6

A type of passive transport where molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 7

concentration gradient

Answer 7

The difference in the concentration of molecules across a distance

Question 8

The molecular movement that occurs during diffusion is a result of ——-

Answer 8

kinetic energy

Question 9

The molecular collisions during diffusion that result from the movement cause the molecules to —

Answer 9

move from areas where they are highly concentrated

Question 10

equilibrium

Answer 10

Molecules will eventually reach equilibrium if they are able to move free of other influences

Question 11

Equilibrium occurs when

Answer 11

the concentration and distribution of the molecules is the same throughout the entire space.

Question 12

cell membrane

Answer 12

allows some molecules to pass through freely.

Question 13

Those molecules will move from an area of high concentration on one side of the membrane to an area of —— concentration on the other side

Answer 13

low

Question 14

Examples of molecules that diffuse freely are

Answer 14

carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Question 15

Osmosis

Answer 15

the diffusion of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 16

In some cases, large solutes cannot diffuse across the membrane of the cell, however the ——– will.

Answer 16

water

Question 17

solution

Answer 17

composed of a solute and a solvent.

Question 18

Solvent

Answer 18

the substance that dissolves the solute. (ex.water)

Question 19

Solute

Answer 19

the substance that is being dissolved. (ex. Salt, sugar)

Question 20

The direction of osmosis depends on the

Answer 20

the relative concentrations of the solutions in the cell compare to their environment

Question 21

Hypertonic

Answer 21

higher concentrations of solutes in the solution than the cell
- Cell will lose water-shrivel

Question 22

Hypotonic

Answer 22

lower concentrations of solutes in the solution than what is in the cell
- Cell will gain water

Question 23

Isotonic

Answer 23

equal concentrations of solutes inside and outside of the cell
-Water will move equally in both directions

Question 24

In a hypertonic environment animal cells will experience

Answer 24

crenation and will undergo shrinkage

Question 25

In a hypotonic environment a animal cell will eventually

Answer 25

burst experiencing cytolysis

Question 26

In an Isotonic environment an animal cell will

Answer 26

the cell will stay the same

Question 27

Turgor Pressure is

Answer 27

the pressure exerted on the plant cell wall

Question 28

when does turgor pressure occur

Answer 28

when plant cells are in a hypotonic environment. In this state, plant cells are turgid

Question 29

In a hypertonic environment a plant cell will experience

Answer 29

plasmolysis and the plant cell will lose turgor pressure. This causes a plant to wilt.

Question 30

Some molecules are too large or are not soluble in lipids and cannot

Answer 30

diffuse freely across the membrane.

Question 31

molecules that cannot diffuse freely across the membrane will require the help of a specific protein in the cell membrane called

Answer 31

a carrier protein.

Question 32

Ion channels are

Answer 32

type of proteins that allow specific ions into or out of the cell.

Question 33

Each ion channel is specific to

Answer 33

a particular ion.

Question 34

Ion channels can be always open or can be

Answer 34

gated

Question 35

Gated ion channels can open 3 ways

Answer 35

-Stretching the cell membrane -Electrical signals -Chemicals in cytosol or environment

Question 36

Active Transport

Answer 36

Active Transport is the movement of material up the concentration gradient from a low concentration to a high concentration. -It requires energy (ATP)!!!

Question 37

Ion channels and carrier protein that assist in active transport are called

Answer 37

cell membrane pumps.

Question 38

Sodium Potassium Pump

Answer 38

A type of cell membrane pump that transports Na+ and K+ ion up (low to high) their concentration gradients. -Active Transport

Question 39

Some molecules are too large to move through the membrane or through a

Answer 39

channel protein

Question 40

Cell will use ----------- or --------- in order to transport molecules too large to move through the membrane bulk materials into or out of the cell

Answer 40

endocytosis or exocytosis

Question 41

Endocytosis

Answer 41

is the process where the cell ingests large particles, external fluid and macromolecules -The cell will form a vesicle around the material -Active transport

Question 42

two types of endocytosis

Answer 42

Pinocytosis Phagocytosis

Question 43

Phagocytosis

Answer 43

transport of large particles or whole cells -Phagocytes ingest bacteria and viruses and destroy them with the help of lysosomes

Question 44

Pinosytosis

Answer 44

transport of solutes or fluids

Question 45

Exosytosis

Answer 45

a process where materials from a vesicle are released from a cell

Question 46

-This process allows cells to get rid of excess waste and toxins

Answer 46

Exocytosis

Question 47

These are packaged by the golgi apparatus and transported to the cell membrane where it fuses and releases the contents outside of the cell

Answer 47

Exocytosis "packages"

Question 48

crenation

Answer 48

the formation of abnormal notched surfaces on cells as a result of water loss through osmosis.

Question 49

cytolysis

Answer 49

occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to diffuse into the cell.

Question 50

turgid

Answer 50

swollen and hard

Question 51

plasmolysis

Answer 51

the process of contraction or shrinkage of the protoplasm of a plant cell and is caused due to the loss of water in the cell.

Question 52

facilitated diffusion

Answer 52

the diffusion of solutes through transport proteins in the cell membrane. -Passive transport