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Honors Biology > cell transport and homeostasis > Flashcards

cell transport and homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

what do cells have to do to maintain homeostasis

A

control what enters and leaves the cell

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

maintaining internal balance. Stability

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3
Q

Passive Transport

A

the movement of materials into and out of the cell without the use of energy

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4
Q

Active Transport

A

movement of materials into and out of the cell with the use of energy.

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5
Q

What are the types of cellular transportation

A

Passive and Active

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6
Q

Diffusion

A

A type of passive transport where molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

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7
Q

concentration gradient

A

The difference in the concentration of molecules across a distance

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8
Q

The molecular movement that occurs during diffusion is a result of ——-

A

kinetic energy

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9
Q

The molecular collisions during diffusion that result from the movement cause the molecules to —

A

move from areas where they are highly concentrated

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10
Q

equilibrium

A

Molecules will eventually reach equilibrium if they are able to move free of other influences

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11
Q

Equilibrium occurs when

A

the concentration and distribution of the molecules is the same throughout the entire space.

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12
Q

cell membrane

A

allows some molecules to pass through freely.

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13
Q

Those molecules will move from an area of high concentration on one side of the membrane to an area of —— concentration on the other side

A

low

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14
Q

Examples of molecules that diffuse freely are

A

carbon dioxide and oxygen.

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15
Q

Osmosis

A

the diffusion of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

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16
Q

In some cases, large solutes cannot diffuse across the membrane of the cell, however the ——– will.

A

water

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17
Q

solution

A

composed of a solute and a solvent.

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18
Q

Solvent

A

the substance that dissolves the solute. (ex.water)

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19
Q

Solute

A

the substance that is being dissolved. (ex. Salt, sugar)

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20
Q

The direction of osmosis depends on the

A

the relative concentrations of the solutions in the cell compare to their environment

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21
Q

Hypertonic

A

higher concentrations of solutes in the solution than the cell
- Cell will lose water-shrivel

22
Q

Hypotonic

A

lower concentrations of solutes in the solution than what is in the cell
- Cell will gain water

23
Q

Isotonic

A

equal concentrations of solutes inside and outside of the cell
-Water will move equally in both directions

24
Q

In a hypertonic environment animal cells will experience

A

crenation and will undergo shrinkage

25
Q

In a hypotonic environment a animal cell will eventually

A

burst experiencing cytolysis

26
Q

In an Isotonic environment an animal cell will

A

the cell will stay the same

27
Q

Turgor Pressure is

A

the pressure exerted on the plant cell wall

28
Q

when does turgor pressure occur

A

when plant cells are in a hypotonic environment. In this state, plant cells are turgid

29
Q

In a hypertonic environment a plant cell will experience

A

plasmolysis and the plant cell will lose turgor pressure. This causes a plant to wilt.

30
Q

Some molecules are too large or are not soluble in lipids and cannot

A

diffuse freely across the membrane.

31
Q

molecules that cannot diffuse freely across the membrane will require the help of a specific protein in the cell membrane called

A

a carrier protein.

32
Q

Ion channels are

A

type of proteins that allow specific ions into or out of the cell.

33
Q

Each ion channel is specific to

A

a particular ion.

34
Q

Ion channels can be always open or can be

A

gated

35
Q

Gated ion channels can open 3 ways

A

-Stretching the cell membrane
-Electrical signals
-Chemicals in cytosol or environment

36
Q

Active Transport

A

Active Transport is the movement of material up the concentration gradient from a low concentration to a high concentration.
-It requires energy (ATP)!!!

37
Q

Ion channels and carrier protein that assist in active transport are called

A

cell membrane pumps.

38
Q

Sodium Potassium Pump

A

A type of cell membrane pump that transports Na+ and K+ ion up (low to high) their concentration gradients.
-Active Transport

39
Q

Some molecules are too large to move through the membrane or through a

A

channel protein

40
Q

Cell will use ———– or ——— in order to transport molecules too large to move through the membrane bulk materials into or out of the cell

A

endocytosis or exocytosis

41
Q

Endocytosis

A

is the process where the cell ingests large particles, external fluid and macromolecules
-The cell will form a vesicle around the material
-Active transport

42
Q

two types of endocytosis

A

Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis

43
Q

Phagocytosis

A

transport of large particles or whole cells
-Phagocytes ingest bacteria and viruses and destroy them with the help of lysosomes

44
Q

Pinosytosis

A

transport of solutes or fluids

45
Q

Exosytosis

A

a process where materials from a vesicle are released from a cell

46
Q

-This process allows cells to get rid of excess waste and toxins

A

Exocytosis

47
Q

These are packaged by the golgi apparatus and transported to the cell membrane where it fuses and releases the contents outside of the cell

A

Exocytosis “packages”

48
Q

crenation

A

the formation of abnormal notched surfaces on cells as a result of water loss through osmosis.

49
Q

cytolysis

A

occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to diffuse into the cell.

50
Q

turgid

A

swollen and hard

51
Q

plasmolysis

A

the process of contraction or shrinkage of the protoplasm of a plant cell and is caused due to the loss of water in the cell.

52
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

the diffusion of solutes through transport proteins in the cell membrane.
-Passive transport

Honors Biology (9 decks)

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