Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patho > Cellular & Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Cellular & Muscle Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology

A

The science that is concerned with the function of the living organism and its parts, and the physical and chemical process involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The study of disordered body function (disease). The basis of clinical medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

2/3 of total body water

Major cation is K

Major anion are protein and organic phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

1/3 total body water

Interstitial fluid and plasma

Major cation Na

Major anion is Cl and HCO3

Plasma is 1/4 of ECF; interstitial fluid is 3/4
Separated by capillary wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Decreases membrane FLUIDITY and PERMEABILITY (except in plasma membranes).
Increases membrane FLEXIBILITY and STABILITY

A

Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

“Gate keeper”

Composed of 50% lipid and 50% protein

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Integral proteins

A

Span entire membrane

Anchored through hydrophobic interactions w/ phospholipid bilayer

Include ion channels, pores, carriers, G protein, enzymes, hormone receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

Not embedded in cell membrane

On both sides, loosely attached to cell membrane by electrostatic interactions

Control transport of substances across cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pinocytosis vs phagocytosis

A

Pinocytosis is ingestion off smaller particles (fat soluble vitamins A,D,E, and K)

Phagocytosis is ingestion if larger particles/bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Opsonization

A

Binding of IgG antibody on the surface of bacteria enhancing phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Exocytosis

A

Extrusion of cellular contents out

Release of neurotransmitters from the nerve terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of Clathrin?

A

Facilitates the formation of vesicles in pinocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Network of microtubules where proteins are “processed”

Site of intracellular Ca storage

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Factories for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Secretory functions and final packaging

A

Golgi Apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Digestive system of cell-contain hydrolases

Allow phagocytosis of bacteria

Remove damaged tissues “recycling centers”

A

Lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Similar to lysosomes. Help in detoxification (alcohol)

A

Peroxisomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Exocytosis stimulates by Ca++

A

Secretory vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

More active cells have more mitochondria like ______ cells

A

Myocardial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Convert food stuff into energy in the form of ATP via the process of oxidative phosphorylation

Contain their own DNA

Have electron transport chain

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Provide skeleton and rigid support to cell

A

Microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

A

Defective microtubules; decreased phagocytosis; increased infections

“Bubble baby”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Command and control center of cell

Contain DNA-gene

A

Nucleus

24
Q

Condensed DNA found in nucleoplasm

A

Chromatin

25
Q

Accumulation of RNA and forms ribosomes

A

Nucleoli

26
Q

Tight junctions

A

Attachment b/w cells (often epithelial)

May be “tight” impermeable as DCT (distal convoluted tubules) or “leaky” permeable as PCT (proximal convoluted tubules)

27
Q

Gap junctions “communicating junctions”

A

Attachments b/w cells that permit intercellular communication

Permits current flow & electrical coupling b/w myocardial cells

Offers least resistance to flow of ions

28
Q

I’m MI gap junctions close leading to_____

A

Arrhythmia/ conduction interruption

29
Q

Fatty acid synthesis occurs in ________ while it’s degradation (beta oxidation) occurs in the ________

A

Cytoplasm; mitochondria

30
Q

Beta oxidation

A

Degradation and oxidation of fatty acids

31
Q

How many ATP molecules are formed by beta oxidation from one molecule of fatty acids

A

146

32
Q

Acetyl-CoA

A

The end product of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism

33
Q

ATP uses

A

50% - transportation of substances across membrane

Synthesis of compounds

Muscle contraction

34
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate

35
Q

Kartagener’s syndrome

A

Immobile cilia syndrome

Due to a dynein arm defect

Sinus inversus
Sterility in male & female
Recurrent sinusitis
Brochiectasis

36
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Proof reads new DNA

37
Q

DNA ligase

A

Makes repairs

38
Q

Messenger RNA

A

Carries genetic code from nucleus to cytoplasm

Long single stranded molecules containing codons

39
Q

Transfer RNA

A

Acts as a carrier to transport amino acids to ribosomes

40
Q

Ribosomal RNA

A

Present in ribosomes [protein factories] and synthesize proteins- translation

41
Q

Never go to G0, divide rapidly with a short G1

Bone marrow, gut epithelium, skin, hair follicles

A

Labile cells

42
Q

Enter G1 from G0 when stimulated

Hepatocytes, lymphocytes

A

Stable (quiescent) cells

43
Q

Remain in G0, regenerate from stem cells

Neurons, skeletal and cardiac muscle, RBCs

A

Permanent cells

44
Q

Mitosis

A

Division of cell resulting production of 2 identical daughter cells

45
Q

5 major stages of mitosis

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Prometaphase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase
46
Q

Simple (passive) diffusion

A

Lipid-Soluble molecules move readily across the membrane (rate depends on lipid solubility)

Water-soluble molecules cross via channels or pores

47
Q

Na/K ATPase

A

Keeps intracellular K high and intracellular Na low by moving 3Na out and 2K in using ATP

48
Q

Cystic fibrosis has defective _____ channels

A

Chloride

49
Q

Malignant hyperthermia has defective _______ channels

A

Calcium

50
Q

M/A of Anesthetic agents enhances entry of______ channels

A

Chloride

51
Q

Major anion of intracellular fluid

A

Protein and organic phosphate

52
Q

Major anions of extracellular fluid

A

Cl and HCO3

53
Q

Mitochondrial diseases inherited maternally or paternally? Why?

A

Maternally; only egg has mitochondria, sperm does not

54
Q

What does the carnitine shuttle do?

A

Transports fatty acids into the mitochondria

55
Q

_______ stimulates Na/K pump, correcting hyperkalemia by moving K into the cells?

A

Insulin

56
Q

Beta blocker cause _____kalemia; beta agonists cause ______kalemia

A

Hyperkalemia; hypokalemia

Patho (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions