Cellular injury, adaptation, and death Flashcards
Why does atrophy happen?
Decrease in work commands or adverse environmental conditions
What do cells do during atrophy?
Reduce oxygen consumption
Decrease the number and size of their organelles
Why does hypertrophy happen?
Increased workload on an organ or body part
What are the types of physiologic hyperplasia?
Hormonal and Compensatory
Why might hyperplasia occur?
Because of a stimulus that would make the body need more cells in a specific place
What’s metaplasia?
When one cell type is replaced by another cell type
Why might metaplasia occur?
In response to chronic irritation or inflammation
Allows for cells that are better suited to survive
What’s dysplasia?
Deranged cell growth of a specific tissue that results in cells that vary in size, shape, or organization
Potentially reversible
Why might dysplasia occur?
Viruses
Medications
Developmental issues
How do free radicals cause problems in the body?
They react with proteins , lipids, carbs which damage cell membranes
Inactivates enzymes
Damages nucleic acids in DNA
What can ROS do in the body?
Cause oxidative stress
Leads to changes in gene and protein expression
Can cause DNA damage and modification
Oxidative stress plays a role in development of cancer
What does hypoxia do in the body?
Deprives cells of oxygen
Interupts oxidative metabolism and generation of ATP
