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Baz: Y1 Semester 1 > Cells, Tissues, Organs, Systems > Flashcards

Cells, Tissues, Organs, Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Three componants of a cell

A

Cell Membrane
Cytosol
Organelles

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2
Q

What is this?

A

The plasma membrane

Outer layer of the cell

Encloses the cytoplasm within it

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3
Q

What is this?

A

The nucleus is the largest organell

Surrounded by the nuclear envelope

Contains a structure called nucleolus which makes ribosomes

Contains DNA and is found is most cells in the body

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4
Q

What is the Cytoskeleton?

A

It is a network of protien fibres which give the cell structure and allow it to move

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5
Q

What is this?

A

Produce enery for the cell through aerobic respiration

Abundent in cells that require a lot of enery e.g. muscles and liver

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6
Q

What is this?

A

Smooth:
Responsible for synthesysing lipids and steroid hormones. Also drug detoxification

Rough:
Synthesises protiens to be exported from the cell

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7
Q

What is this?

A

Made up of RNA and protiens

Synthesise protiens using RNA as a template

Ones in the cytoplasm make protiens for inside the cell
Ones in the RER make protienes for export

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8
Q

What is this?

A

Stack of membrane bound sacs

Recieves protiens from the RER and export them

Protiens are stored in vesicles, these then move to plasma membrane and fuse with it where the contents are then expelled by exocytosis

Also produce liysosomes

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9
Q

What is this?

A

Spherical vesicles pinched off form the golgi apparatus

Contain enzymes

Function is to break down large molecules withint he cell e.g. DNA,RNA, protiens etc.

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10
Q

What is this?

A

Cytosol is the watery fluid houseing the organelles

The cytoplasm is everything inside excluding the nucleus

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11
Q

What is this?

A

The centrosome is part of cell devision, first it duplicates then as division begins they move to opposides of the cell

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12
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Lines the surfaces of cavities and tubes

Purpose is transport, diffusion and secretion

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13
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Generates force through contraction

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14
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Responsible for communication. Forms networks connecting the brain and spinal to the rest of the body

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15
Q

Connective tissue

A

Tissues responsible for structure, insultion or protection

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16
Q

Four main types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Nervous
Muscle
Connective

17
Q

What are tissues made from?

A

Cells and extracellular matrix (ECM)

18
Q

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

A

The ECM is made and exported by cells to fill the space between cells.

It’s roles include providing structure, forms junctions, regulates migration, changes function of cells, influences development.

It is almost non existant in epithelial tissue but very high in connective tissie.

19
Q

Epithelial tissue (simple vs stratified)

A
20
Q

Loose (areolar) connective tissue

A

Most abundent, connects and support other tissues such as under the skin and between muscles

21
Q

Adipose tissue

A

A type of areolar tissue containing adipocytes (fat cells)

22
Q

Reticlular connective tissue

A

Found in lymph nodes and lymphatic organs.

Consists of reticular fibres, reticular cells and white blood cells

23
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Low in cells high in fibres

24
Q

Fibrous tissue

A

A type of dense connective tissue which makes up tendons and ligaments

25
Q

Elastic tissue

A

A type of dense connective tissue found in organs where a change of shape is common e.g. blood vessels and lungs

26
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cartilage cells embedded in a collegen matrix to make up cartilage

27
Q

Osteocytes

A

Bone cells embedded in a mineralised collegen matrix to make up bones

28
Q

Three types of muscle tissue

A

Skelletal
Smooth
Cardiac

29
Q

Skelletal muscle

A

Myoblasts fuse together to form striated multinucleated muscle fibres

These can contract voluntarily in order to move bones

30
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Non striated

Under involuntary control

Useful in propelling contents along tubes through rythmic contractions e.g. gut and ureter

31
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Made up up striated mononucleated fibres

Involutary contractions

Branching cells connect fibres and intercalated discs between cells help propergate waves of contraction

32
Q

Two types of cells witin nervous system

A

Neurons - excitable and transmit information

Glial cells - non excitable and support the neurons

33
Q

Occluding junctions

A

Seals cells together to prevent molecules leaking to another cell or across a boundary

34
Q

Anchoring junctions

A

Function is to connect cells to other cells or to the ECM

35
Q

Communicating junctions

A

COntrols the passage of chemical or electrical signals between cells.

Most cells are linked by gap junctions

Can also include chemical synapses

36
Q

Histology

A

The process of preparing tissues for study under a microscope.

Cut into thin slices and stained

Baz: Y1 Semester 1 (30 decks)

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